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Patient Care > Abdomen (not finished) > Flashcards

Abdomen (not finished) Flashcards

1
Q

what are anatomic landmarks on the abdomen

A

Xiphoid process
rectus abdominis muscle
costal margin
midline, overlying linea alba
umbilicus
iliac crest
ASIS
inguinal ligament
pubic tubercle
symphysis pubis

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2
Q

What are the four primary quadrents

A

right upper quadrant (RUQ)
left upper quadrant (LUQ)
right lower quadrant (RLQ)
left lower quadrant (LLQ)

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3
Q

What are the nine abdominalpelvic regions

A

right hypocchondriac region
epigastric region
left hypochondriac region
right lumber region
umbilical region
left lumbar region
right iliac region
hypogastric region
light iliac region

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4
Q

What is within the RUQ

A

liver, gallbladder, duodenum, hepatic flexure of the colon, head of pancreas

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5
Q

what is within the LUQ

A

spleen, splenic flexure of the colon, stomach, body and tail of the pancreas

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6
Q

what is within the RLQ`

A

appendix, cecum, ascending colon, right ovary

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7
Q

with is within the LLQ

A

sigmoid colon, descending colon, left ovary

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8
Q

where are the kidneys locations

A

by the 11th and 12 ribs

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9
Q

when is auscultation done for the abdominal exam

A

done BEFORE percussion or palpation of the abdomen

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10
Q

what are you looking for in regards to the skin for inspection of the abdomen

A

color, scars, striae, dilated veins, ecchymosis, rashes

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11
Q

what contours are you looking for in regards to abdominal inspection

A

flat, protuberant, distended (rounded), bulges (localized or flanks), symmetry

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12
Q

what is it called when there is a separation of the two recuts abdominal muscles

A

diastasis recti

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13
Q

what is diastasis recti

A

separation of the two rectus abdominal muscles

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14
Q

what are the common causes of diastasis recti

A

pregnancies, obesity, and chronic lung disease

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15
Q

when is diastasis recti visible

A

when supine patient lifts their head and shoulders

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16
Q

whhen a patient is supine and lifts their head and shoulders, what are you looking for

A

diastasis recti

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17
Q

when do you auscultate for bowel sounds

A

before percussion or palpation

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18
Q

what do you note for bowel sounds

A

present or absent (list listen for atleast two minutes)
freqency: normo, hypo, hyperactive
high-pitched, tinkling

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19
Q

when is an abdomen considered surgical

A

silent

20
Q

what are we looking for in-particular with patients with hypertension

A

bruits

21
Q

What buits do we listen for in the abdomen

A

aortic, renal, iliac and femoral

22
Q

what types of Rubs do we listen for in the abdomen

A

Hepatic friction rub and splenic friction rub

23
Q

what side do we listen for a splenic rub on

A

left side

24
Q

the type of rub that is listened for on the right side of the abdomen

A

hepatic friction rub

25
Q

what type of noise does gas make during percussion of the abdomen

A

tympanic

26
Q

a tympanic sound on percussion of the abdomen is indicative for

A

gas in the bowel

27
Q

what is a dull sound on percussion of the abdomen indicative for

A

fluid, stool, solid organ, mass

28
Q

What organs are palpated for in the abdominal exam

A

liver, spleen, kidneys, aorta (and bladder)

29
Q

where is the liver located within the abdomen

A

right upper quadrant

30
Q

what is a normal liver span at the midclavicular line

A

10-12cm

31
Q

what is the normal liver span at the midsternal line

A

4-8cm

32
Q

What is found within Traube’s space

A

spleen

33
Q

where is traubes space

A

left 6th rib, constal margin and anterior axillary line

34
Q

what is castells spot

A

the bottom corner of Traubes space

35
Q

what is a normal width for the aorta on palpation

A

< 3cm

36
Q

when is it important to do aorta palpation

A

adults > 50 yo

37
Q

what is peritonitis

A

inflammation of the peritoneum - considered acute abdomen - often surgical emergency

38
Q

what are the positive findings for perotinitis

A

guarding, rigidity, rebound tenderness

39
Q

when is rebound tenderness considered positive

A

it hurts more when you let go

40
Q

what are other sign that is suggestive of peritonitis

A

Heel-tap sign (jar tenderness) or tenderness on ride to facility with bumps in the road

41
Q

what is a positive sign for appendicitis

A

McBurney’s point tenderness

42
Q

what are other testing done for appendicitis

A

Rovsing sign
Psoas sign
obturator sign

43
Q

What is Rovsing Sign

A

referred rebound tenderness - palpate in the left - pain in the right lower quadrant

44
Q

What is the murphy sign used for

A

possible cholecystitis - gallbladder
biliary tree issue

45
Q

what is ascites

A

excess fluid within the peritoneal cavity

Patient Care (1 decks)

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