A+ Ytube Flashcards
DIMM is another term for
RAM
PCI/PCIE is another term for
GPU
RTC Coin cell is another term for
CMOS battery
PATA/IDE are
Legacy ports used for optical drives
How many SATA ports are average
2-4 average 6 if fancy
What are the 3 serial cables
RS232,DB-9, COM
What are passive cables
Cables with 2 different ends.
Ex. Serial end connecting to laptop and the console end connecting to system
What are active cables
Cables that translates different interface types
Oldest to newest cables
- VGA
- DVI
- HDMI
- DisplayPort
What is low line PSU voltage
100-172
What is high line PSU voltage
220-240
What are the 2 pin types for P1 connectors
20-pins and 24-pins
Near what do you connect the P4 connector
CPU
RAID 0
- Striping
- Speed
- No redundancy/ fault tolerance
- Requires 2 hard drives
RAID 1
- Mirroring
- Slower than RAID 0
- Fault tolerance
- Requires 2 or more hard drives
RAID 5
- Bit Parity
- As fast as RAID 0
- Fault tolerance like RAID 1
- Minimum of 3 hard drives required
What is ECC good for
Preventing BSOD and typically used in server rooms
What is zero insertion force (ZFI) CPU’s
Requires only turning the CPU clockwise to align preventing possible damage
What is a land grid array (LGA) CPU?
When the pins are on the motherboard (INTEL)
What is a pin grid array (PGA) CPU?
When the pins are located on the CPU (AMD)
What is step 1 of troubleshooting
Identify the problem
What is step 2 of troubleshooting
Establish a theory
What is step 3 of troubleshooting
Test the theory
What is step 4 of troubleshooting
Establish an action plan
What is step 5 of troubleshooting
Verify full system functionality
What is step 6 of troubleshooting
Document findings
What is POST?
Power-on self-testing
6 possible reasons for blackscreen?
- Failed firmware update
- Faulty cable
- Faulty connector
- Faulty device
- Faulty PSU
- Faulty CPU
How to identify beep codes?
Check the motherboard brand and look up beep codes
What are 5 things that can be used as the boot device?
- Hard drive
- Memory drive
- USB
- DVD
- Over the network
What are 3 reasons for a boot issue?
- Failed boot sequence
- Failed power connector
- Failed data connector
What can be the reason for a damaged boot sector
Damage to boot/partition records
What are 3 reason for OS crashes and errors?
- OS Failure
- Hardware Failure
- Driver Failure
What can be the reason for “No boot device found”?
An issue with the main hard drive
What can be the reason for a BSOD/Memory dump/Stop error?
- Ram failed
- Hard drive failed
What are 4 reasons for intermitted shutdown/ application crashes?
- Faulty Hardware
- Faulty Software
- Faulty Drivers
- Updates
What can you do to fix overheating and burning smells?
- Clean with compressed air
- Verify airflow
- Check the thermal paste
- Ensure the fans are not blocked
What are 2 symptoms of overheating?
- Burning smell
- CPU throttling
What is considered physical damage?
- Bent pins
- Damaged cables
- Damaged connectors
- Damaged component adapter seating
- Capacitor swelling
What is the CMOS battery for?
- Keeps track of time
- Keeps track of the boot order sequence
Where do you connect a NIC on a desktop?
An expansion slot
What is a network hub?
Used to send signals to multiple devices
What are the negative features of a Wi-Fi hub?
- Sends signals out of all ports
- Slower overall performance with each device connected
- Half- duplex 10/100 Mbps
- Ethernet only
What is a network switch?
Forwards traffic to a specific destination using the recievers MAC address
Why is a network switch better than a network hub?
Allows each port to operate full speed at full-duplex
What is an unmanaged switch?
- A switch with no configuration
- Cheaper than a managed switch
What is a managed switch?
- A switch that has to be configured
- More expensive than a managed switch
- Has a web or command line interface
What is PoE and what devices use it?
- Sends power over an ethernet cable
- APs and VoIP phones
What is a UTP?
- A unshielded twisted pair of wire
- Has 4 twisted pairs of wires to prevent interference
- Max rage of 100 meters
What is a STP?
- A shielded twisted pair of wire
- Either 1 outer foil around all pairs or has 1 outer foil and 4 smaller foils around each pair
What is a CAT 5’s highest speed?
100 Mbps
What is a CAT 5e’s highest speed?
1 Gbps
What is a CAT 6’s highest speed?
1 Gbps but more range than a 5e
What is a CAT 6a’s highest speed?
10 Gbps
What does POTS stand for?
Plain old telephone
What is an RJ11?
Telephone cable (POTS)
What is a crimper used for?
To cut and install new heads on cables
What is a punchdown tool used for?
To lock cables into a patch panel or into a wall box
What is a toner probe used for?
Identifying cables
What is a single-mode fiber cable used for?
- Long distances
- Can be used outside
What is a multi-mode fiber cable used for?
- Short distance
- Used indoors
What is the coaxial cable connector called?
F- Connector
What Wi-Fi standard does an AP use?
IEEE 802.11
What devices is 802.11a typically used for and what at what speed?
- Routers and APs
- 5GHz/54 Mbps
What is 802.11b typically used for and what is it’s speeds?
- Bluetooth
- 2.4GHz/11 Mbps
What is 802.11g typically used for and what is it’s speeds?
- Routers and APs (MOST USED 802.11 standard)
- 2.4 GHz/54 Mbps
What is 802.11n typically used for and what is it’s speeds?
- Long range communication
- 2.4 GHz or 5GHz/ All Mbps- Increases by 150 Mbps per channel
What disrupts 2.4 GHz channels?
- Microwaves
- Landline cordless phones
- Baby monitors
How and what is an AP used for?
- Extending an existing network
- Plug a network cable into the back
- Bridging a wired network through a switch
- Interconnecting wireless clients
What does the .11 in 802.11 mean?
Its wireless
How many bits are in an IPV4 IP?
32 bits
How many Octets are in an IPV4 IP?
4 octets
What is a public IP?
An IP that is routable across the internet.