A&P TEST #3

Question 1

Rheumatoid arthritis:

Answer 1

long term autoimmune disorder (antibody or immunoglobulin) that causes pain in, swelling, and stiffness of joints

Question 2

Dendritic cells:

Answer 2

typically found in high numbers within a tumor

Question 3

Impingement:

Answer 3

bone pinching the cartilage together and causes “thinning cartilage” of hyaline cart.

Question 4

Portal system=

Answer 4

Blood (AP) encounters TWO cap beds before blood returns to heart

Question 5

Gout:

Answer 5

deposition of needle-like crystals of uric acid into joints
-diet matters, genetics matter, under excretion of uric acid by kidney are all factors

Question 6

Movement:

Answer 6

produce tension to move things pulling, squeezing

Question 7

Posture:

Answer 7

baseline tension exerted at all times

Question 8

Joint stability:

Answer 8

constant tension holds joints together.. non-usage=> muscle atrophy=> less stable;

Question 9

Thermogenesis (heat!)=

Answer 9

shiver (shivering is involuntary) can break down own muscle for fuel to make heat (last resort)

Question 10

Glutamate (AA) = “savory” =

Answer 10

meat! Is the most prevalent amino acid in SM (higher vertebrates)

Question 11

Contractile-

Answer 11

shortening (sliding filament theory)

Question 12

Extensible-

Answer 12

tolerate stretching

Question 13

Elastic-

Answer 13

snap back into position after stretch

Question 14

Type 1

Answer 14

(marathoners)
Slow oxidative
ADD= less force; more mitochondria and more capillary density
(Jamaica)

Question 15

Type 2 B

Answer 15

(sprinters),
Fast glycolytic fibers have fast contractions and prim use anaerobic respiration
the FG fibers fatigue more quickly than others: SPRINTERS!! Opp of type 1
Founder effect
Jamaica

Question 16

Type 2 A

Answer 16

Fast oxidative have fast contractions and primarily use aerobic respiration

Question 17

Protein filaments =

Answer 17

myofilaments (actin and myosin)

Question 18

Cytoplasm=

Answer 18

sarcoplasm

Question 19

Cell membrane=

Answer 19

sarcolemma

Question 20

SER=

Answer 20

sarcoplasmic reticulum (Ca++ stored)

Question 21

SER=

Answer 21

sarvoplasmiv reticulum (Ca++ stored)

Question 22

Creatine:

Answer 22

First energy source used is CREATINE (creatine kinase= add PO4) = Creatine-PO4= ADP back to ATP! People who supplement the skeletal muscle and water follows it= muscle swells

• creatine shuttles in muscles and creatine gets flipped there, water then follows the muscle and SWELLS

Question 23

Fascia:

Answer 23

Plural fascia or fascias
Attached to or stabilized, enclosed, seperate muscles or internal organs

Question 24

LARGEST lymphatic vessel?

Answer 24

Thoracic duct

Question 25

Body builders?

Answer 25

Body builders work hard, get extra testosterone, that makes it harder to sleep, and they have to take medicine to fall asleep bc they struggle with it (unhealthy)
-also genetically gifted

Question 26

Genetic component to myofibrils:

Answer 26

Atleast 4 and when the muscle has an action potential, T Tubule takes action potential DEEP into the cell= causes calcium to get out of cytoplasmic reticuli

Question 27

4 steps of Muscle Contractile Cycle:

Answer 27

1. cross bridges formation
2. Power stroke
3. A new ATP binds to myosin heads. This causes the myosin head to detach from actin
4. “Tug-O-War” !!! Muscle contraction has the same parts doing different things all at once (pulling/detaching/ attaching all at once)

Question 28

Cramps:

Answer 28

myosin heads alive and don’t want to let go

Question 29

Rigor Morris:

Answer 29

myosin heads dead and lets go

Question 30

Which DO SHORTEN!??

Answer 30

H-band, I-band, and actual sarcomere

Question 31

do NOT SHORTEN!

Answer 31

A-band (length of myosin), actin and myosin

Question 32

How do you get closer to the threshold??

Answer 32

Let in sodium, closer to threshold
Let out Potassium, closer to threshold

Question 33

Formation of osteophytes (bone growth is =

Answer 33

“bone spurs” of the heel
(Exacerbate= makes it worse)

Question 34

What is the opposite Hypertrophy?

Answer 34

Atrophy