9.1 - Mechanisms of Evolution

Question 1

What is microevolution?

Answer 1

changing of frequencies in population leading to evolution

Question 2

What are the 4 factors leading to microevolution?

Answer 2

1. Mutations (random changes in DNA)
2. Gene Flow (flow of alleles in/out due to migration)
3. Non-random mating (mating based on phenotypes or inbreeding)
4. Genetic drift: change in allele frequency due to chance event

Question 3

What is the bottleneck effect?

Answer 3

decrease in pop. size due to a decrease in genetic diversity

Question 4

What is the founder effect?

Answer 4

When dispersed organisms make a new population away from original population
EX: Amish communities

Question 5

WHAT ARE THE 4 TYPES OF NATURAL SELECTION?

Answer 5

1. Stabilizing selection: N.S favoring intermediates
2. Directional selection: N.S favoring one extreme over another
3. Disruptive selection: N.S favoring both extremes
4. Sexual selection: N.S for mating based on competition