9/10: Plaque

Question 1

What is biofilm?

Answer 1

Layer of organisms that attach to a solid object

Question 1

Where is biofilm present?

Answer 1

Present on plaque and then calculus with cessation of oral hygiene

Question 2

What is dental plaque?

Answer 2

non-mineralized, colorless, removed with mechanical forces

Question 3

What is alba?

Answer 3

white, cheese-like accumulation that can be displaced with water

Question 4

What is calculus?

Answer 4

mineralized by calcium and phosphate
i. THIS IS NOT THE IRRITANT → PLAQUE IS
1. Cannot be removed with mechanical forces, only professional

Question 5

What makes up calculus?

Answer 5

70-90% Inorganic, 10-30% organic → primarily calcium phosphate

Question 6

What are the 4 crystal forms of calculus?

Answer 6

1. Hydroxyapatite
2. Magnesium whitlockite
3. Octacalcium phosphate
4. Brushite

Question 7

What is the mineral source of supragingival?

Answer 7

Saliva

Question 8

What is the mineral source of subgingival?

Answer 8

GCF and inflammatory exudate

Question 9

Does all plaque progress to periodontitis?

Answer 9

No

Question 10

What are the phases of accumulation of plaque?

Answer 10

1. Formation of pellicle
2. Initial adhesion of bacteria
3. colonization/plaque maturation

Question 11

Where does the formation of the pellicle originate?

Answer 11

In saliva

Question 12

What is the pellicle comprised of?

Answer 12

Glycoprotein

Question 12

How long does it take for the pellicle to condense?

Answer 12

7 days into mature structure

Question 13

What is the significance of the pellicle?

Answer 13

1. Protection
2. Lubrication
3. Nodus of bacteria
4. Aids in attachment of calculus

Question 14

What are the 3 stages of biofilm accumulation?

Answer 14

1. Pellicle formation
2. Initial adhesion of bacteria
3. Plaque maturation

Question 15

Describe from days 1-14 the initial adhesion of bacteria

Answer 15

i. Day 1: gram (+) cocci
ii. Day 2-4: filamentous forms and colonies connected
iii. Day 4-7: rods and fusobacterium appear
iv. Day 7-14: Gram (-) cocci, spirochetes and vibrio

Question 16

Describe dats 14-24 and plaque maturation?

Answer 16

gingivitis is evident

Question 17

What are the initial colonizers associated with plauqe formation?

Answer 17

Gram (+) cocci, streptococcus, actinomyces

Question 18

What are the secondary colonizers associated with plauqe formation?

Answer 18

i. P. Intermedia
ii. P. Gingivalis
iii. Gram (-) cocci
iv. Spirochetes
v. Mobile rods

Question 19

E. Can dental plaque be a derivative of food debris?

Answer 19

No