Lecture 8. Object Based Attention, the cognitive neurophychology of attention

Question 1

What was the basis of a spotlight metaphor? what kind of region did it operate on?

Answer 1

A region of space!

Question 2

What is an updated concept of attention acting on?

Answer 2

That attention acts on the object, not the space that the objects occupy

Question 3

Rock and Gutman 1981!

Answer 3

Overlapping figures experiment in which participants were asked to concentrate on one shape and not the other and they had strong memory of the attended figure and not the other

Question 4

What test did the results of Rock and Gutman resemble?

Answer 4

Cherry’s dichotic listening and observation of one channel, not of another

Question 5

Who did the trumpet/kite experiment

Answer 5

Tipper

Question 6

What did the overlapping identifiable figures (trumpet/kite) show?

Answer 6

Negative priming!

If we ignore the green figure, and asked to name the red figure, but in a following trial we are asked to name the green figure and ignore the red then it is longer to recognise the green figure because we were required to ignore it firstly

Question 7

What does negative priming show about the original shape?

Answer 7

We must have, to some extent recognised or taken in the original shape enough to ignore it

Question 8

Would you love to have a beer with Duncan? how about a box and a line!

Answer 8

We remembered attributes about the box or line only better than attributes about both the box and the line

Question 9

what about the new cuing task? What was it about the new cuing task that included exogenous cues to indicate object bias

Answer 9

Location markers based within the object were faster

Question 10

Egly, driver and rafa were cuing boxes right?

Answer 10

Egly Driver and Rafal showed the object based attention cuing task

Question 11

Moore, yantis and Vaughan made a barre chord out of what?

Answer 11

Objects! even when part of the object is obscured, there was still attentional benefit

Question 12

FFA?

Answer 12

fusiform face area

Question 13

PPA

Answer 13

Parahippocampal place area

Question 14

What is the “where” pathway?

hint: means “back”
hint: it includes the greater area of where cuing issues occur

Answer 14

Dorsal pathway

Parietal lobe

Question 15

What is the “what” pathway?

hint: means “belly”
hint: what wont be around for long

Answer 15

Ventral pathway

Temporal lobe

Question 16

Right parietal lobe damage leads to which visual field neglect?

Answer 16

Left

Question 17

What is the deal with right parietal damage?

What happened with cuing tasks? valid and invalid cuing to the intact visual field vs valid and invalid cuing to the damaged visual field

Side question, who did cuing tasks?

Answer 17

2. Posner!

Also, participants with right parietal damage took an expected longer amount of time on cued tasks that to the right, but longer on cued tasks to the left and WAY longer on invalid cued tasks

When processing is directed to the damaged field processing is relatively normal, however when processing is cued to the good field but the target appears in the left then they are far slower, suggesting this is an attentional issue, not a visual one

Question 18

What happened with the apple and comb scenario?

What phenomenon occurred there?

Answer 18

Perceptual response to one stimulus extinguishes response to another.

when only apple presented, can see apple, when both apple and comb is presented, the left visual field is in deficit

This again indicates there is an attentional deficit, or the cognitive capacity has been reached

Question 19

What are some rotational examples of object based attention?

Answer 19

barbell focus

Question 20

What is the inability to focus on individual object and see more than one object at a time

Answer 20

Simultanagnosia

Question 21

What did treasman find about Balints syndrome?

Answer 21

Combined shape of one object to the colour of another object

Question 22

tipper’s trumpet showed negative priming and tipper’s tipping showed what about left side visual deficit?

Answer 22

Tipper and behrmann showed that when they rotated the neglected marker to the right, there was now neglect on the right

Question 23

What was the important aspect about tipper’s tipping though?

Answer 23

the two circles had to be joined together - like a barbel