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PHARMACOLOGY > 8.1 Principles of Pharmacology > Flashcards

8.1 Principles of Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Prescription drugs

A

written prescription by an accredited authorized prescriber provider.
legal document
chapter 21 of MANMED

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2
Q

Non prescription drugs

A

Over the Counter (OTC)
aspirin, antacids, cold remedies
purchased anywhere without physician

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3
Q

DOD Prescription

A

DD 1289

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4
Q

Poly Scription

A

NAVMED 6710/6

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5
Q

When is the DD 1289 used?

A

on controlled drugs

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6
Q

General principles of pharmacology

A

factors that affect actions of drugs
factors that affect drug reactions
various types of drug interactions
factors influencing drug response

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7
Q

Pharmacokinetic

A

activities of the drug after it enters the body

drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion

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8
Q

Drug clearance

A

elimination of drugs from the body

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9
Q

absorption

A

the transfer of the drug from the body fluids to tissues

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10
Q

active absorption

A

carrier molecule such as protein or enzyme actively moves the drug across the membrane

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11
Q

Passive absorption

A

diffuse across a membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
water soluble drugs

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12
Q

Pinocytosis

A

cells engulf the drug particle across the cell membrane

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13
Q

bioavailability

A

a subcategory of absorption

percentage of administered drug dose that reaches the systemic circulation

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14
Q

distribution

A

movement of drug throughout the body, typically on proteins

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15
Q

therapeutic effect

A

drug levels in blood to produce desire effect

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16
Q

metabolism

A

chemical reaction liver converts drug to inactive compound

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17
Q

metabolism occurs where?

A

liver, kidneys, lungs plasma and intestinal mucosa

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18
Q

a patient with liver disease may require

A

a lower dose of a medication that is metabolized by the liver

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19
Q

excretion

A

elimination of drugs from the body

20
Q

half life

A

time required for the body to eliminate 50% of the drug

21
Q

pharmacodynamics

A

drugs actions and effects within the body

22
Q

physical dependence

A

a compulsive need to use a substance repeatedly to avoid mild to severe withdrawal symptoms

23
Q

psychological dependence

A

a compulsion to use a substance to obtain a pleasurable experience

24
Q

pharmacogenetic disorder

A

genetically abnormal response to normal dose of drug

25
Q

receptor

A

specialized macromolecule that binds to drug molecule, altering the function of the cell producing a therapeutic response

26
Q

alterations in cellular environment

A

drug that alters cellular function can increase or decrease the physiologic functions of the cells

27
Q

agonist

A

drug that binds with a receptor to produce therapeutic response

28
Q

antagonist

A

drug that binds to receptor stronger than the agonist thus producing no pharmacologic effect
NARCAN IS THE ANTAGONIST TO MORPHINE

29
Q

adverse reaction

A

undesirable drug effects

30
Q

drug idiosyncrasy

A

unusual or abnormal reaction to a drug

that usually doesnt happen to the vast majority of patients

31
Q

drug tolerance

A

decreased response to the drug requiring an increase in dosage to achieve the desired affect

32
Q

cumulative drug effect

A

drug effect that occurs when the body has not fully metabolized a dose of drug before next dose is given

33
Q

toxic

A

harmful drug effect if it is delivered in high dose, exceeds therapeutic level
(seen in patients with liver or kidney disease )

34
Q

pharmacogenetics reactions

A

inherited traits that cause abnormal metabolism of the drug

G6PD

35
Q

pharmaceutic phase

A

dissolution of a drug, breakdown of tablets

36
Q

drug interactions

A

when one drug interacts with another

37
Q

additive drug response

A

reaction that occurs when the combined effect of two drugs is equal to the sum of each drug given alone

38
Q

synergism

A

a drug interaction that occurs when drugs produce an effect that is greater than the sum of their seperate actions

39
Q

antagonist drug reaction

A

on drug interferes with the action of another, causing neutralization

40
Q

drug-food interactions

A

given orally, food may impair or enhance its absorption

41
Q

teratogen

A

a substance that may produce physical or functional defects in a human embryo or fetus

42
Q

pregnancy category A

A

controlled human studies show no risk

43
Q

pregnancy category B

A

no evidence of risk in studies

44
Q

pregnancy category C

A

risk cannot be ruled out

45
Q

pregnancy category D

A

positive evidence of risk

46
Q

pregnancy category X

A

contraindicated in pregnancy

PHARMACOLOGY (4 decks)

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