8. Resilience to Adversity

Question 1

what is clinical trauma?

Answer 1

• type of negative life event that must be diagnosed using DSM-5
• exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence

Question 2

what are severe stressors/adversity?

Answer 2

negative and severely stressful major life events that disrupt and impact quality of life (divorce, job loss)

Question 3

how does Bonnano (2004) define resilience?

Answer 3

outcome pattern characterised by stable trajectory of healthy functioning after adversity

Question 4

how does Tugade & Fredrickson (2004) define resilience?

Answer 4

the ability to bounce back and flexibly adapt to changing demands of negative life situations

Question 5

what 2 ways are used to measure resilience?

Answer 5

1) resilience questionnaire

2) resilience trajectory

Question 6

how does a resilience trajectory measure resilience?

Answer 6

• measured after event (for several months or years)
• longitudinal
• identifies people that show resilient outcome pattern over time

Question 7

what did Norris, Tracy & Galea (2009) identify resistance as on a graph?

Answer 7

perfectly straight line, however this is what Barnardo et al would call resilience

Question 8

historically, was resilience rare or common?

Answer 8

viewed as rare occurence

Question 9

describe results of Bonnano, Wortman et al (2002) prospective study into spousal loss?

Answer 9

• 46% were resilient
• 11% common grief
• 15% chronic grief

Question 10

in Bonnano, Wortman et al (2002) prospective study into spousal loss, were resilient people still affected by bereavement?

Answer 10

yes - yearning, emotional upset, intrusive thoughts

Question 11

in Bonnano, Wortman et al (2002) prospective study into spousal loss, were resilient people just less securely attached to their partner?

Answer 11

no

Question 12

how does the latent growth mixture modelling work?

Answer 12

identifies subpopulations in data (looks at how their responses unfold over time) & allows for examination of different outcome trajectories for each subgroup

Question 13

in Mancini, Bonanno & Clark (2011) study into resilience prevalence in divorce, describe the low increasing group?

Answer 13

initial low subjective well being, which gradually increases after divorce

Question 14

resilience or resistance, which is the most common?

Answer 14

answer depends on definition of resilience used

Question 15

in longitudinal designs, how is resilience often operationalised?

Answer 15

data-driven

Question 16

describe findings of how resilience was commonly defined in Cosco et al (2017) systematic review of measurement of resilience in longitudinal studies

Answer 16

• absence of distress or impairment
• not maintenance of well being

Question 17

how did they define resilience outcomes in Infurna & Luther (2017) study into multidimensional resilient outcomes using widows?

Answer 17

as stable good functioning over time (Bonnano, 2004)

Question 18

to conclude, is resilience a one dimensional construct?

Answer 18

no - multidimensional