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D2 Fall - Pathology Exam 1 > 8/26: Inflammation and Repair > Flashcards

8/26: Inflammation and Repair Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What are the different ways to classify inflammation?
A

a. Acute or chronic inflammation
b. Exudative or non-exudative inflammation

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2
Q
  1. What are the types of morphologic patterns?
A

a. Serous
b. Fibrinous
c. suppurative
d. Ulcerative

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3
Q
  1. This is rapid onset, short duration inflammation
A

a. Acute inflammation

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4
Q
  1. This inflammatory exudate fluid and plasma proteins
A

a. Acute inflammation

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5
Q
  1. What kind of cells do acute inflammation use?
A

a. Emigration of leukocytes, predominantly neutrophils

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6
Q
  1. What kind of cells do chronic inflammation use?
A

a. Mononuclear cells -macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells

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7
Q
  1. This has proliferates blood cells and fibroblasts
A

a. Chronic inflammation

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8
Q
  1. Is acute inflammation exudative or not exudative?
A

a. Exudative

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9
Q
  1. Is chronic inflammation exudative and not exudative?
A

a. Non-exudative

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10
Q
  1. Non-exudative inflammation associated with?
A

a. Fibrosis
b. Scarring

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11
Q
  1. This is the bodies response to injury
A

a. Inflammation

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12
Q
  1. This comes to play when inflammation is caused by a living organism
A

a. Immunity

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13
Q
  1. Are inflammation and immunity the same?
A

No

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14
Q
  1. Can inflammation exist without infection?
A

Yes it can

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15
Q
  1. Can hypersensitivity cause inflammation?
A

Yes

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16
Q
  1. Can autoimmune disease cause inflammation?
A

Yes

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17
Q
  1. What are the bodies 3 lines of defense?
A

a. Barriers
b. Inflammatory responses
c. Immune responses

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18
Q
  1. What are the examples of barriers?
A

a. Skin
b. Mucous membranes
c. Secretions

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19
Q
  1. What are the examples of inflammatory response?
A

a. Cells (leukocytes)
b. Molecules (mediators)

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20
Q
  1. What are the examples of immune responses?
A

a. Antibodies (humoral)
b. Cytotoxic T cells (cellular)

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21
Q
  1. What is the order of the line of defense?
A

a. Non-specific
b. Specific

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22
Q
  1. Where are the components of inflammatory responses?
A

a. Circulating blood cells and plasma proteins
b. Cells of blood vessel walls
c. Cells and proteins of the extracellular matrix

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23
Q
  1. Most of the defensive elements are located in the
A

a. Blood

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24
Q
  1. Inflammation is the means by which defensive cells and chemicals ____
A

a. Leave the blood and enter the tissues

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25
Q
  1. Can excess or prolonged inflammation be harmful?
A

Yes

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26
Q
  1. What are the defensive cells?
A

a. Leukocytes

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27
Q
  1. What are the defensive proteins
A

Plasma

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28
Q
  1. What are the 5 steps of the inflammatory responses?
A

a. Recognition of the injurious agent
b. Recruitment of leukocytes
c. Removal of the agent
d. Regulation of the response
e. Resolution

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29
Q
  1. What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?
A

a. Calor
b. Rubor
c. Tumor
d. Dolor
e. Functio laesa

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30
Q
  1. Calor =
A

Heat

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31
Q
  1. Rubor =
A

Redness

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32
Q
  1. Tumor =
A

Swelling

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33
Q
  1. Dolor =
A

Pain

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34
Q
  1. Function laesa =
A

a. Loss of function

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35
Q
  1. All that is red (rubor) is
A

a. Not inflamed

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36
Q
  1. What are the cellular events in acute inflammation?
A

a. Margination
b. Rolling
c. Adhesion
d. Diapedesis
e. Chemotaxis
f. Phagocytosis
g. Killing

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37
Q
  1. What is the process of microbial killing by leukocytes?
A

a. Opsonization
b. Phagocytosis
c. Lysosomal enzymes

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38
Q
  1. Fever is due to
A

a. Pyrogens

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39
Q
  1. What are examples of pyrogens?
A

a. Cytokines
b. Tnf-1

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40
Q
  1. These are from membrane phospholipids
A

a. Prostaglandins

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41
Q
  1. These are painful red streaks and regional lymphadenopathy
A

a. Lymphangitis

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42
Q
  1. What are the 2 most important chemical mediators of inflammation?
A

a. Histamine
b. Serotonin

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43
Q
  1. What is the source of histamine?
A

a. Mast cells

44
Q
  1. What is the source of serotonin?
A

a. Platelets

45
Q
  1. Which mediators are available in preformed supplies?
A

a. Histamine and serotonin

46
Q
  1. These are the 1st mediators to be released after injury
A

a. Histamine

47
Q
  1. These cause vascular dilation and leakage
A

a. Serotonin and Histamine

48
Q
  1. All acute inflammatory reactions may have one of 3 outcomes:
A

a. Complete resolution
b. Healing by connective tissue replacement (fibrosis)
c. Progression to chronic inflammation

49
Q
  1. What kind of inflammation is water and blustery
A

a. Serous inflammation

50
Q
  1. What kind of inflammation do you get in rheumatic fever?
A

a. Fibrous pericarditis (inflammation)

51
Q
  1. What do we see in pus?
A

a. Neutrophils

52
Q
  1. This is inflammation with pus
A

a. Suppurative inflammation

53
Q
  1. This is a localized collection of pus that has accumulated in a tissue cavity, producing fluctuance
A

a. Abscess

54
Q
  1. This is a diffuse spread of an acute inflammatory process through the fascial planes of soft tissue producing erythema, edema, warmth, and pain, without consolidation
A

a. Cellulitis

55
Q
  1. This is a clinical type of exudative inflammation, occurs only on mucosal surfaces
A

a. Catarrhal (seromucous inflammation)

56
Q
  1. What kind of inflammation is a recurrent aphthous stomatitis?
A

a. Ulcerative inflammation

57
Q
  1. This is a defect in neutrophil function
A

a. Lazy leukocyte syndrome

58
Q
  1. This is a rare autosomal recessive condition associated with albinism
A

a. Chediak-higashi syndrome

59
Q
  1. What is defective in chediak-higashi syndrome?
A

a. Chemotaxis and phagolysosome formation

60
Q
  1. Chronic granulomatous disease of childhood is deficient in what?
A

a. NADH oxidase and can result in absent respiratory burst

61
Q
  1. Chronic granulomatous disease of childhood, kills what?
A

a. Catalase-negative organisms (strep)

62
Q
  1. Chronic granulomatous disease of childhood, does not kill what?
A

a. Catalase-positive (staph)

63
Q
  1. In Chronic granulomatous disease of childhood, is H2O2 produced?
A

No

64
Q
  1. In myeloperoxidase deficiency (MPO), what happens?
A

a. Respiratory burst
b. H2O2 produced

65
Q
  1. This is caused by too few neutrophils
A

a. Agranulocytosis
b. Cyclic neutropenia

66
Q
  1. Failure in adhesion can cause
A

a. Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD)

67
Q
  1. Slow chemotaxis can cause what?
A

a. Lazy leukocyte syndrome

68
Q
  1. Failure to phagocytose can cause
A

a. Bruton
b. Complement deficient

69
Q
  1. Failure to kill can cause what?
A

a. Chronic granulomatous disease of childhood
b. MPO
c. Chediak-Higashi

70
Q
  1. Granulomatous inflammation is what kind? Acute or chronic?
A

a. Chronic

71
Q
  1. What are the classifications of granulomas?
A

a. Immune granulomas
b. Foreign body granulomas

72
Q
  1. Coccidioides immitis is what?
A

a. Immune granuloma

73
Q
  1. This block fusion of phagosome with lysozyme
A

a. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

74
Q
  1. Does granulation or granulomatous tissue have reparative tissue?
A

a. Granulomatous tissue

75
Q
  1. Do you have granulation or granulomatous tissue in pyogenic granuloma?
A

a. Granulation tissue

76
Q
  1. _____ may occur by regeneration or by healing
A

a. Repair

77
Q
  1. This is the growth of cells and tissues to replace lost structures
A

a. Regeneration

78
Q
  1. Healing consists of what 2 processes?
A

a. Regeneration
b. Scarring

79
Q
  1. Continuously dividing tissues are classified as
A

Labile

80
Q
  1. Stable tissues are classified as
A

a. Quiescent

81
Q
  1. Permanent tissues are classified as
A

a. Non-diving

82
Q
  1. Labile cells are derived from the division of
A

a. Stem cells

83
Q
  1. What kind of cells are labile cells?
A

a. Hematopoietic cells

84
Q
  1. Can labile tissues regenerate after injury?
A

a. Yes, as long as pool of stem cells is preserved

85
Q
  1. The most common forms of cancer arises from
A

a. Labile tissues

86
Q
  1. Stable cells have a very low
A

a. Turnover

87
Q
  1. What are examples of stable tissues?
A

a. Viscera
b. Endothelial cells
c. Fibroblasts
d. Smooth muscle cells

88
Q
  1. With the exception of the liver, stables tissues have a
A

a. Limited capacity to regenerate

89
Q
  1. Permanent cells were generated when?
A

a. During fetal life and never divide in postnatal life

90
Q
  1. Do permanent cells divide in postnatal life?
A

No

91
Q
  1. What are examples of permanent cells?
A

a. Neurons
b. Cardiac myocytes

92
Q
  1. Fibrosis (scarring) occurs when
A

a. Tissue is intrinsically unable to regenerate

93
Q
  1. What are examples of fibrous tissues?
A

a. Heart
b. Brain

94
Q
  1. This restores the integrity of the epithelial surface
A

a. Epithelial regeneration

95
Q
  1. This restores the tensile strength of the sub-epithelial tissue
A

a. Connective tissue repair

96
Q
  1. Describe “Primary union”healing
A

a. Wound is pulled together such as sutures

97
Q
  1. All wound healing involves what?
A

a. Inflammatory reaction

98
Q
  1. Describe “Secondary Intention” healing
A

a. Wounds are NOT pulled together

99
Q
  1. What are examples of granulation tissues?
A

a. Endothelial cells
b. Fibroblasts
c. Myofibroblasts

100
Q
  1. Granulation tissues use what stain?
A

a. Trichrome

101
Q
  1. In 2nd intention healing, wound contraction is done by
A

Myofibroblasts

102
Q
  1. This is excessive scar formation WITHIN the boundaries of the original wound producing a
    raised scar
A

a. Hypertrophic scar

103
Q
  1. This is excessive scar formation BEYOND the boundaries of the original wound
A

a. Keloid

104
Q
  1. Keloid is common in
A

a. African americans

105
Q
  1. What is required for the hydroxylation of Proline and lysine?
A

a. Vitamin C

D2 Fall - Pathology Exam 1 (8 decks)

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