Acid Base Balance Flashcards

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1
Q

Goal of an ABG?

A

identify acidosis or alkalosis

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2
Q

Rule of the B’s

A

if pH and BICARB are BOTH in the same direction then it is METABOLIC

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3
Q

If pH and bicarb are in different directions…

A

respiratory

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4
Q

normal pH

A

7.35-7.45

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5
Q

normal bicarb

A

22-26

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6
Q

What do you see with low pH…

A

acidosis
as the pH goes, so does my patient
-low pH, low S/S

hyporeflexic, bradycardic, bradypnec, lethargy, obtunded, coma

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7
Q

obtunded

A

1 step lower than lethargic

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8
Q

What do you see with high pH…

A

alkalosis
as the pH goes, so does my patient
-high pH, high S/S

irritability, hyperreflexic, tachypnea, tachycardic

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9
Q

what is a hyporeflexic finding?

A

0, +1

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10
Q

what is a normoreflexic finding?

A

+2

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11
Q

what is a hyperreflexic finding?

A

+3, +4

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12
Q

paralytic ileus

A

down

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13
Q

borborygmi

A

up; increased bowel sounds

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14
Q

who would need a ambu bag at bedside?

A

acidosis–resp arrest, down S/S

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15
Q

who would need suctioning at the bedside?

A

alkalosis–seize, up S/S

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16
Q

Potassium and pH…

A

as goes my pH, so does my patient except potassium

-opposite

17
Q

acidosis…potassium is…?

A

high

18
Q

alkalosis…potassium is…?

A

low

19
Q

Kussmaul breathing

A

MacKussmaul

-metabolic acidosis

20
Q

over/under ventilate, translate…

A

overventilation= respiratory alkalosis

underventilation= respiratory acidosis

21
Q

Example: pt is overusing breathing techniques during labor

A

over ventilating= respiratory alkalosis

22
Q

Example: near drowing

A

respiratory acidosis

23
Q

Example: emphysema, air trapping

A

respiratory acidosis

24
Q

When assessing ventilation, think…

A

gas exchange at the lung level…not RR

25
Q

Example: Your patient is on a PCA pump, what acid base imbalance would indicate backing off the pump?

A

respiratory acidosis

26
Q

Prolonged gastric suction or vomitting?

A

Metabolic alkalosis

27
Q

For everything that isnt lung and isnt vomitting/suctioning?

A

metabolic acidosis

28
Q

Patient with hyperemesis who is now dehydrated?

A

metabolic acidosis

29
Q

acute renal failure…

A

metabolic acidosis

30
Q

If you don’t know it….

A

metabolic acidosis

31
Q

Compensation: if the pH is normal…

A

fully compensated

32
Q

Compensation: if the pH is out of range and only one of the others out of range….

A

uncompensated

33
Q

Compensation: all levels out of range…

A

partially compensated

“partiALLy”

34
Q

normal CO2

A

35-45