Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ECU Dysphagia > 13.1 - Pediatric Dysphagia - Balaji > Flashcards

13.1 - Pediatric Dysphagia - Balaji Flashcards

1
Q

When do disorders occur that can cause infant dysphagia?

3

A

Prenatally

Perinatally

Postnatally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is often the root cause of dysphagia that occurs prenatally?

(2)

A

Maternal Disease

Neurologic Disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What kinds of Maternal Disease can result in infant dysphagia?

(4)

A

Disturbances in CHO metabolism (diabetic mothers)

Phenyletonuria (PKU):

Preecalmpsia

Drug use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do Disturbances in CHO Metabolism (diabetic mothers) affect infants?

(4)

A

High incidence of stillbirth, neonatal deaths

Abnormally large infants (macroencephaly)

Congenital malformations [Cardiac, Skeletal, CNS Anomalies (neural tube defects)]

Hypoglycemic episodes - teratogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Phenylketonuria (PKU)?

A

Enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is deficient leading to increased phenylalanine (PA) concentrations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does Phenylketonuria (PKU) affect infants?

2

A

Mental retardation

Microcephaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Preeclampsia?

A

Hypertension associated with protein in the urine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does Preeclampsia affect infants?

2

A

Hypotonia (muscular flaccidity)

Respiratory deficits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does Drug Use affect infants?

5

A

Reduced & abnormal ear development

Cleft palate

Hydrocephaly (abnormal CSF, too much pressure)

Neural tube defects

Heart anomalies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are eight neurological causes of dysphagia in infants?

A

Cerebral Palsy

Hydrocephalus

Microcephaly

Intracranial hemorrhage

Seizures

Neuropathies (neural)

Myopathies (motor)

Infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Hydrocephalus?

A

Increased cranial pressure due to excess fluid/CSF in the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Microcephaly?

A

Abnormally small head circumference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What two infections can cause neurological disorders in children?

A

Meningitis

Poliomyelities (LMN)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are four Congenital Structural Anomalies that can contribute to dysphagia?

A

Cleft lip/Palate.

Mandibular hypoplasia.

Esophageal atresia.

Tracheoesophageal Fistula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Mandibular hypoplasia?

2

A

Abnormally small mandible

Creates a severly recessed chin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is an Esophageal Atresia?

A

The upper esophagus ends in a pouch and does not connect to lower esophagus and/or stomach

17
Q

What is a Tracheoesophageal Fistula?

2

A

Abnormal connection between esophageal and tracheal walls

No protection of airway

18
Q

What are GI Disorders that can lead to dysphagia in children?

(2)

A

Necrotizing Enterocolitis

GERD

19
Q

What is Necrotizing Enterocolitis?

4

A

Intestinal disease causing inflammation and tenderness of intestine.

Ischemia or toxic damage weakens the mucosal lining of the intestinal walls.

Bacteria react to a ingested material (breast milk/formula)

This causes explosive bowel gas that leads to necrosis.

20
Q

What can issues are caused by or co-occur with GERD?

10

A

Abnormal muscle tone

Exaggerated gag

May not be able to rhythmically move the tongue to suckle.

Infantile bite reflexes

Drooling

Aspiration – may or may not be silent.

Poor trunk control

Behavioral feeding problems / food and texture aversions

Limited food repertoire, preference for thin liquids

Emesis, reswallowing

Oral defensiveness / delayed feeding skills

21
Q

What Respiratory Disorders can contribute to dysphagia in children?

(4)

A

Apnea

Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS)

Transient tachypenea (TTN)

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)

22
Q

What is Apnea?

A

Cessation of breathing for longer than 15 sec.

23
Q

What is Central Apnea?

2

A

Apnea caused by CNS problem

Characterized by no respiratory gas flow and no respiratory effort.

24
Q

How can Apnea contribute to dysphagia in children?

5

A

Reduced endurance

Uncoordinated suck-swallow-breathe sequence

Weak suck

Increased number of sucks per swallow

Agitation during feedings

25
Q

What is Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)?

3

A

When the infant first begins to breathe, the alveoli open, then collapse and stick together after each breath.

Inhibits pulmonary gas exchange is inhibited increasing respiratory work load

Surfactant deficiency.

26
Q

What can Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS) lead to?

A

Apnea with subsequent hypoxemia (low levels of oxygen in the blood stream)

27
Q

What os Transient tachypnea (TTN)?

Is this a permanent condition?

How is this treated?

A

Poor clearance of lung fluid during birth.

Not, it’s temporary

No oral feeding during the first few days.

28
Q

What is Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD)?

2

A

Broad term used to define chronic lung disease (CLD) due to prematurity.

Damage to lung tissue.

29
Q

What is the most common cause of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD)?

(2)

A

Mechanical ventilation

Oxygen therapy

30
Q

What are five Cardiac Disorders that can contribute to dysphagia in Children

A

Congenital Heart Disease (CHD)

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

Atrioventricular Septal Defect (AVSD)

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Tetralogy of Fallot

31
Q

What is Congenital Heart Disease (CHD)?

A

A generic term used to identify any malformations of the cardiovascular system in infants

32
Q

What is Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)?

A

Stress to the heart due to edema and an overload of fluid

33
Q

What is Atrioventricular Septal Defect (AVSD)?

A

A malformation of the heart resulting from failure of the ventricular inlet to separate

34
Q

In what condition is Atrioventricular Septal Defect (AVSD) often seen?

What can happen if it remains untreated?

A

Characteristic feature of Down syndrome (also seen in other syndromes)

Congestive heart failure

35
Q

What is Patent Ductus Arterioles?

A

The duct that is open and used to bypass the lungs in the fetus remains open after birth,

Oxygenated blood from the aorta flows into the pulmonary artery and then returns to the lungs leading to Congestive Heart Failure

36
Q

What is Tetralogy of Fallot?

A

The combination of four anomalies (pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy) causes deoxygenated blood to mix with oxygenated blood

37
Q

What are a Genetic Syndrome that are often accompanied by dysphagia?

A

Down Syndrome

38
Q

How does Down Syndrome contribute to dysphagia?

4

A

Hypotonia (muscle flaccidity) leading to poor postural control, neck control, and weak suck.

GERD is common

Respiratory compromise and reduced tolerance to feeding caused by heart problems.

Developmental delays are also a source of feeding problems

39
Q

What does C.H.A.R.G.E. stand for in regards to down syndrome?

A

Caloboma (Cleft of the iris of the eye),

Heart disease

Atresia of the nasal cavity,

Retardation

Genital abnormalities

Ear disorders including deafness.

ECU Dysphagia (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions