5 - Demography - DEATHS

Question 1

What are 5 REASONS for a DECLINING DEATH RATE

Answer 1

(1) IMPROVED Hygiene, Sanitation and Medicine
(2) HIGHER Living Standards
(3) PUBLIC Health and Welfare
(4) Health Education
(5) IMPROVED Working Conditions

Question 2

Explain how IMPROVED Hygiene, Sanitation and Medicine is a reason for DECLINING DEATH RATE

Answer 2

construction of Public Sewer Systems and the Provision of Clean running water. Improved Public Awareness of Hygiene and the Causes of Infection
McKEOWN (1976) - these IMPROVEMENTS in Environmental Conditions, Coupled with a Steady rise in Living Standards and Better Diet and Nutrition, were more important than medical advances in Wiping out these Epidemic Diseases

Question 3

Explain how HIGHER LIVING STANDARDS is a reason for DECLINING DEATH RATE

Answer 3

Higher Wages, Better Food, more amenities and appliances in the house

Improved Housing Conditions, with Less Damp, Inside Toilets and Running Hot Water, have all Assisted in IMPROVING the HEALTH and LIFE EXPECTANCY of the Population

Question 4

Explain how PUBLIC HEALTH and WELFARE is a reason for DECLINING DEATH RATE

Answer 4

Establishment of the WELFARE STATE - in 1948, NHS has provided Free and Comprehensive Healthcare, theres much better Antenatal and Postenatal care for Mothers and Comprehensive Healthcare , CHILDBIRTH has BECOME SAFER, there’s a DECREASE in the INFANT MORTALITY RATE

Question 5

Explain how HEALTH EDUCATION is a reason for DECLINING DEATH RATE

Answer 5

there’s been a GROWING AWARENESS of NUTRITION and it’s importance to health. IMPROVED EDUCATIONAL STANDARDS generally, better informed public
Websites have Provided GUIDANCE on the PREVENTION and TREATMENT of Ill- Health

Question 6

Explain how IMPROVED WORKING CONDITIONS is a reason for DECLINING DEATH RATE

Answer 6

working conditions IMPROVED DRAMATICALLY in the 20th Century.
TECHNOLOGY has taken over some of the More Arduous , Health Damaging Tasks m and Factory Machinery is Often Safer than it was 100 years ago

Question 7

What are some ETHNICITY Factors for Difference in Health Chances and Mortality Rates

Answer 7

ILL HEALTH - BLACK and MINORITIES Ethnic groups are MORE LIKELY to Report themselves. African Caribbean. Pakistanis and Bangladeshi - 30 and 50% more likely to suffer
DISEASES - AFRICAN CARIBBEAN more Biologically Vunerable to Developing Sickle and Cell Anaemia , more likely to suffer from Hypertersia and Die from Strokes, SOUTH ASIANS suffer More Heart Diseases, more likely to die from it
DEATH RATE - most Ethnic Minority groups generally Higher Adult and Child Mortality Rates, includes still births of babies

Question 8

What are some REGION Factors for Difference in Health Chances and Mortality Rates

Answer 8

a Clear NORTH-SOUTH DIVIDE in HEALTH, difference in life explain your at birth between those Growing up in the MOST AFFLUENT and the MOST DEPRIVED areas of the UK

HACKING ET ALL (201Q) - Chances of dying early-below 75- are a 5th HIGHER in the NORTH compared within the South, MEN AFFECTED MORE than Women
Boys Life Expectancy at Birth in Glasgow is 13 yrs Less and Girls 10 yrs Less than those Living in Chelsea
Found there were Still Health Inequalities between N and S from the Same Social Class - access to resources

Question 9

What are some CLASS Factors for Difference in Health Chances and Mortality Rates

Answer 9

• ‘HEALTH DIVIDE’. - Poverty major factor of ill health, Get Sick More Often, Die Younger than Rich - Quality of Housing, Cheap Unhealthy Food
  LIFESTYLE Factors associated with Poor Health - Smoking, Alcohol Misuse, Obesity, Lack of Excerise
• LUNG CANCER and STOMACH CANCER is Twice as Often among Men in Manual Jobs as Among Men in Professional Jobs

Question 10

What are some GENDER Factors for Difference in Health Chances and Mortality Rates

Answer 10

-SCAMBLER (2008) - emphasises GREATER RISK TAKING BEHAVIOUR by Men. All forms of SUBSTANCE ABUSE are Higher Among Men - drink, smoke, drugs. More Aggressive, take More Risks, Less Careful in What They Eat, More DANGEROUS SPORTS, more Dangerous Occupation
- WOMEN are MORE INVOLVED in Family Health - nurturing caring role, increased sensitivity
- MEN More Likely to be brought up to Shrug Off Illnesses and are Less Likely to Visit GP
MACKENZIE et all (2006) - Men Aren’t Socialised to SHOW their EMOTIONS as much as Women, so are Less Open to Talking About Emotions or Seeking Help

Question 11

What are the 3 FACTORS that CAUSE the AGEING POPULATION

Answer 11

• Increasing Life Expectancy
• Declining Infant Mortality - hardly anyone dies early in life now
• Declining Fertility - fewer young people are being born in relation to older people

Question 12

Explain the 4 POSITIVES to an AGEING POPULATION

Answer 12

• A BOOST to the ECONOMY - Purchasing Power of Older People - ‘grey pound’ - Leisure and Culture Activities - theatres, galleries, museums
• MORE SOCIAL COHESION and COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT- Volunteering, campaigning, conservation, Raising Money, driving, Sponsor, Coaching, Mentoring
• LESS CRIME - More Law-Abiding
• FAMILY SUPPORT - Babysitting services, Taking small children To School, Looking After them , Emotional Assistance and to Family Members

Question 13

What are 4 NEGATIVES to an AGING POPULATION?

Answer 13

• A GROWING BURDEN OF DEPENDENCE AND THE ‘PENSIONS TIMEBOMB’ - Increasing Dependancy Ratio - Increasing Number of People have to be Supported by a Decreasing Proportion of the Working Population. Could man Higher Taxes on those Working
• MORE POVERTY AND FAMILY HARDSHIP - Younger People not just having to Support Themselves And their Children but Also Parents And Grandparents , leaving employment
• MORE PENSIONER ONE PERSON HOUSEHOLDS - Growing Isolation and Loneliness, Growing Dependance on Children Visits , Growing Individualisation
• LOSS OF SKILL AND EXPERIENCE FROM THE LABOUR FORCE