4c diversity and classification Flashcards
What is phylogeny?
Study of evolutionary history of groups of organisms
What does phylogeny tell us?
Whose related to whom and how closely they are related
What does a phylogentic tree show?
The common shared ancestors
What is taxonomy?
It involves naming organisms and organising them into groups
What is the order of the taxa?
Domain, Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
What is a species?
Groups that contain similar organisms that are able to reproduce to give fertile offspring
What is the binomial system?
The naming system used for clsssification
How does the binomial system work?
Genus and then Species
humans : Homo Sapiens
What is courtship behaviour?
How organisms carry out behaviour to attract a mate
What are some examples of courtship behaviour?
Releasing chemicals
Using sound
Visual displays
Dancing
Building
What are three ways of clarifying evolutionary relationships?
Genome sequencing
Comparing amino acid sequences
Immunological comparisons
What is genome sequencing?
Entire base sequences of one organisms can be compared to another organism to see how closely related they are
How does comparing amino acid sequence clarify the relationships?
Sequence of a.a is coded for by the base sequence in DNA
Related organisms have similar dna sequences and similar amino acid sequences
How does immunological comparison help clarify?
Similar proteins will bind to same antobodies
What can you compare for genetic diversity?
- freq of measurable characteristics
- Base sequence of dna
- Base sequence of mrna
- amino acid sequence
What is variation?
The differences that exists between individuals
What causes variation
Genetics
Environment
Combination
What are the two types of varation?
Interspecific - between species
Intraspecific - within species
How do you investigaete variation?
Random Sampling
Mean
Standard Deviation
What is biodiversity?
Variety of living organisms in an area
What is a habitat?
A place where an organism lives
What is a community?
All the populations of different species in a habitat
What is the difference between local and global biodiversity?
Local is in a small habitat near you and global is on earth
What is species richness?
Measure of the number of different species a community
What is the index of diversity and formula?
Takes into number of species in a community and the abundance of each species
What methods reduce biodiversity?
Woodland clearance
Hedgerow Removal
Pesticides
Herbicides
Monoculture
What are conservation schemes?
Helps to maintain biodiversity
