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Ph- Hazardous Earth > 4b - Earthquakes + Econ Dev > Flashcards

4b - Earthquakes + Econ Dev Flashcards

1
Q

What is Japans GDP

A

£40,000 gdp per capita

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2
Q

What type of plate boundary is at Japan

A

Convergent/ destructive
Pacific under Eurasian

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3
Q

What magnitude was the 2011 Japan earthquake

A

9.0
Largest ever to hit Japan
Shallow Focus of 30km

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4
Q

Reasons why people choose to live in Japan

A

Perception of Risk = Japan experiences 400 earthquakes a day (most too small to be felt) - ppl feel accustomed and comfortable

Intensive agricultural industry due to fertile volcanic soil

Earthquakes are apart of Japanese folklore and Culture

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5
Q

Impacts of Japan 2011 earthquake locally

A

Tsunami created up to 40 metres tall and travelled 10km inland

Earthquake knocked out power supply to plant and Tsunami flooded generators causing Nuclear Meltdown at Fukishima power plant =
30 km fallout zone contaminated by radioactive material

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6
Q

Economic impact on Japan of earthquake

A

Cost of event = £180 billion

45,000 buildings destroyed

15 ports damaged affecting Trade and arriving Overseas aid

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7
Q

Social impacts of Japan earthquake

A

16,000 people killed

Extent of damage meant reconstruction of housing, schools and health centres took 5 years

6,000 People relocated due to 30km fallout zone due to Fukishima

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8
Q

Political impact of Japan 2011 earthquake

A

National pride prevented them from asking for aid = eventually aid received placed them in massive national debt of Billions of Yen

Tourists advised from visiting Japan

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9
Q

Ways Japan tried to mitigate against the earthquake / reduce the hazards

A

Largest sea wall in world built 40m = was not enough

*Nothing can be done to modify a earthquake event

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10
Q

Ways Japan tried to mitigate against Vulnerability

A

Very Strict Building codes to reduce damage ( Steel bracing and Rubber shock absorbers) and Land-Use zoning laws mean all cities have open spaces for assembly points

Japanese Meteorological agency issues Tsunami warnings following earthquake = travels at 7000km/hr not that helpful

Refugee sites pre-selected with emergency provisions

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11
Q

Ways Japan tried to mitigate against the losses of earthquake

A

Well rehearsed and prepared recovery + reconstruction plans on national level

Rescue workers and 100,000 members of Japanese military mobilized for emergency response

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12
Q

What is the GDP of Haiti

A

£1,800 GDP per capita

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13
Q

What type of boundary is at Haiti earthquake

A

Conservative
N American and Caribbean = same direction different speeds

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14
Q

How far away was the earthquake from the capital of Haiti

A

25km away from Port au Prince

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15
Q

Reasons why people choose to live in Haiti

A

National pride = Haiti was the only country to gain independence through slave rebellion in 1800s

Poverty = people cannot leave and high density in Urban area due to desperate Rural-Urban migration for economic opportunity

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16
Q

Impacts of Haiti earthquake locally

A

Destruction of buildings / Pancake collapse due to low quality housing and Building Codes = its a LIDC so does not have money like japan to invest

Outbreak of Cholera as secondary impact = 9,000 killed in dense refugee camp

17
Q

Economic impacts of Haiti earthquake

A

£8 billion cost of damage

1/5 unemployed Post earthquake = a result of destroyed business infrastructure

Damage to Port au Princes main Port

18
Q

How many people were killed due to Haiti earthquake

A

230,000

19
Q

How may people made homeless due to Haiti eathquake

A

2.2 million

20
Q

Political impacts of Haiti earthquake

A

Government buildings destroyed reducing ability for government to control situation

Breakdown in law with high amounts of Looting and Violence

Number of Migrants to Brazil tripled - 100,000 Haitians given Humanitarian Visas and residence

21
Q

How did Haiti try to mitigate against earthquake

A

They didn’t = No real way to mitigate against earthquake

22
Q

Ways Haiti attempted to mitigate against Vulnerability

A

Following 2010 earthquake = new earthquake proof building codes introduced

World bank waved off debt after 5 years = allows it to develop

23
Q

Ways to mitigate against losses of Haiti earthquake

A

International aid sent for search ad Rescue and to provide stability = 3,500 US troops

Temporary Schools and Health Clinics set up = basic education and a further 9,000 ppl died to Cholera

Peacekeepers from various countries sent = Nepalese aid workers infected Haitian Population initially with Cholera - made it worse

24
Q

How many US troops sent to Haiti following earthquake

A

3500

25
Q

How many people killed in Japan earthquake

A

16,000

26
Q

How many years was Haiti in debt before the world bank waived it away

A

5 years after earthquake debt was removed

27
Q

Which hazard experienced a nuclear meltdown at nearby power plant

A

Japan - Fukushima power plant

28
Q

What type of building collapse happens in poor building environments that caused increased deaths

A

Pancake collapse- Haiti

29
Q

How many members of Japanese Self-Defence force (Armed forces) mobilised after earthquake for emergency response

A

100,000

30
Q

Impacts of the meltdown at Fukishima Power plant in Japan following earthquake

A

fishing industry affected as radioactive waste contaminated pacific Ocean

6,000 People evacuated out of 30km fallout zone = increase in ppl to be relocated permanently

31
Q

Location of Japanese Earthquake

A

Honshu Island (main Japanese island) , East Asia

32
Q

Magnitude and depth of earthquake of Haiti 2010 earthquake

A

7.0

5km deep = even shallower than the japan one

33
Q

Social impacts of Haiti earthquake on Haiti

A

230,000 killed

2.2 million homeless

1300 schools and 13 universities destroyed = reduce development and cause further issues such as crime

34
Q

How far offshore was Japan vs Haiti earthquake

A

Haiti = 25km west of Port au Prince capital

Japan = 140km offshore - allows it to form much
larger tsunami of 40m vs 3m

Ph- Hazardous Earth (6 decks)

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