4b - Earthquakes + Econ Dev Flashcards
What is Japans GDP
£40,000 gdp per capita
What type of plate boundary is at Japan
Convergent/ destructive
Pacific under Eurasian
What magnitude was the 2011 Japan earthquake
9.0
Largest ever to hit Japan
Shallow Focus of 30km
Reasons why people choose to live in Japan
Perception of Risk = Japan experiences 400 earthquakes a day (most too small to be felt) - ppl feel accustomed and comfortable
Intensive agricultural industry due to fertile volcanic soil
Earthquakes are apart of Japanese folklore and Culture
Impacts of Japan 2011 earthquake locally
Tsunami created up to 40 metres tall and travelled 10km inland
Earthquake knocked out power supply to plant and Tsunami flooded generators causing Nuclear Meltdown at Fukishima power plant =
30 km fallout zone contaminated by radioactive material
Economic impact on Japan of earthquake
Cost of event = £180 billion
45,000 buildings destroyed
15 ports damaged affecting Trade and arriving Overseas aid
Social impacts of Japan earthquake
16,000 people killed
Extent of damage meant reconstruction of housing, schools and health centres took 5 years
6,000 People relocated due to 30km fallout zone due to Fukishima
Political impact of Japan 2011 earthquake
National pride prevented them from asking for aid = eventually aid received placed them in massive national debt of Billions of Yen
Tourists advised from visiting Japan
Ways Japan tried to mitigate against the earthquake / reduce the hazards
Largest sea wall in world built 40m = was not enough
*Nothing can be done to modify a earthquake event
Ways Japan tried to mitigate against Vulnerability
Very Strict Building codes to reduce damage ( Steel bracing and Rubber shock absorbers) and Land-Use zoning laws mean all cities have open spaces for assembly points
Japanese Meteorological agency issues Tsunami warnings following earthquake = travels at 7000km/hr not that helpful
Refugee sites pre-selected with emergency provisions
Ways Japan tried to mitigate against the losses of earthquake
Well rehearsed and prepared recovery + reconstruction plans on national level
Rescue workers and 100,000 members of Japanese military mobilized for emergency response
What is the GDP of Haiti
£1,800 GDP per capita
What type of boundary is at Haiti earthquake
Conservative
N American and Caribbean = same direction different speeds
How far away was the earthquake from the capital of Haiti
25km away from Port au Prince
Reasons why people choose to live in Haiti
National pride = Haiti was the only country to gain independence through slave rebellion in 1800s
Poverty = people cannot leave and high density in Urban area due to desperate Rural-Urban migration for economic opportunity
Impacts of Haiti earthquake locally
Destruction of buildings / Pancake collapse due to low quality housing and Building Codes = its a LIDC so does not have money like japan to invest
Outbreak of Cholera as secondary impact = 9,000 killed in dense refugee camp
Economic impacts of Haiti earthquake
£8 billion cost of damage
1/5 unemployed Post earthquake = a result of destroyed business infrastructure
Damage to Port au Princes main Port
How many people were killed due to Haiti earthquake
230,000
How may people made homeless due to Haiti eathquake
2.2 million
Political impacts of Haiti earthquake
Government buildings destroyed reducing ability for government to control situation
Breakdown in law with high amounts of Looting and Violence
Number of Migrants to Brazil tripled - 100,000 Haitians given Humanitarian Visas and residence
How did Haiti try to mitigate against earthquake
They didn’t = No real way to mitigate against earthquake
Ways Haiti attempted to mitigate against Vulnerability
Following 2010 earthquake = new earthquake proof building codes introduced
World bank waved off debt after 5 years = allows it to develop
Ways to mitigate against losses of Haiti earthquake
International aid sent for search ad Rescue and to provide stability = 3,500 US troops
Temporary Schools and Health Clinics set up = basic education and a further 9,000 ppl died to Cholera
Peacekeepers from various countries sent = Nepalese aid workers infected Haitian Population initially with Cholera - made it worse
How many US troops sent to Haiti following earthquake
3500
How many people killed in Japan earthquake
16,000
How many years was Haiti in debt before the world bank waived it away
5 years after earthquake debt was removed
Which hazard experienced a nuclear meltdown at nearby power plant
Japan - Fukushima power plant
What type of building collapse happens in poor building environments that caused increased deaths
Pancake collapse- Haiti
How many members of Japanese Self-Defence force (Armed forces) mobilised after earthquake for emergency response
100,000
Impacts of the meltdown at Fukishima Power plant in Japan following earthquake
fishing industry affected as radioactive waste contaminated pacific Ocean
6,000 People evacuated out of 30km fallout zone = increase in ppl to be relocated permanently
Location of Japanese Earthquake
Honshu Island (main Japanese island) , East Asia
Magnitude and depth of earthquake of Haiti 2010 earthquake
7.0
5km deep = even shallower than the japan one
Social impacts of Haiti earthquake on Haiti
230,000 killed
2.2 million homeless
1300 schools and 13 universities destroyed = reduce development and cause further issues such as crime
How far offshore was Japan vs Haiti earthquake
Haiti = 25km west of Port au Prince capital
Japan = 140km offshore - allows it to form much
larger tsunami of 40m vs 3m
