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Biology > 4.4 Bioenergetics > Flashcards

4.4 Bioenergetics Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide + water —-> glucose + oxygen

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2
Q

What type of reaction in photosynthesis?

A

Endothermic

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3
Q

During photosynthesis what is the energy from sunlight converted to?

A

Chemical energy in the form of glucose molecules

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4
Q

What factors affect photosynthesis?

A

Temperature
Carbon dioxide concentration
Light intensity
Chlorophyll concentration

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5
Q

How does temperature affect rate of photosynthesis?

A

Increase temp mean increased rate. This is because more energy is provided for the reaction. As the temperature reaches 45 degrees the rate of photosynthesis drops to zero because the enzymes become denatured

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6
Q

How does carbon dioxide levels affect the rate of photosynthesis?

A

As carbon dioxide increase so does the rate

This is because carbon dioxide is needed in the reaction

After a certain point it is no longer the limiting factor

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7
Q

How does light intensity affect rate of photosynthesis?

A

As light intensity increases, so does the rate

More energy is provided for the reaction

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8
Q

How does chlorophyll concentration affect rate of photosynthesis?

A

As it decrease so does rate

Less light can be trapped

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9
Q

What is it called when you double the distance between lamp and pondered and the light intensity reduces by a quarter?

A

Inverse square law

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10
Q

What can the glucose produced in photosynthesis be used for?

A

Used for respiration
Converted into insoluble starch for storage
Used to produce fat or oil for storage
Used to produce cellulose which strengthens cell walls
Used to produce amino acids for protein synthesis

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11
Q

What type of reaction is respiration?

A

Exothermic

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12
Q

What does respiration do?

A

Releases energy from glucose molecules for use by the body

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13
Q

Why do organisms need the energy released during respiration?

A

Chemical reactions to build larger molecules

For movement

To keep warm

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14
Q

Respiration in cells can be __________ (with oxygen) or _____________ (without oxygen)

A

Aerobic

Anaerobic

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15
Q

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

A

Glucose + oxygen —–> carbon dioxide + water

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16
Q

In aerobic respiration, what is not fully broken down?

A

Glucose

17
Q

Energy transfer is much ________ in anaerobic respiration than aerobic respiration

A

Less

18
Q

What is the word equation for the anaerobic respiration that occurs in animals?

A

Glucose —–> lactic acid

19
Q

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast?

A

Glucose —-> ethanol+ carbon dioxide

20
Q

What is anaerobic respiration in yeast called?

A

Fermentation

21
Q

What is anaerobic respiration important for in manufacturing?

A

Bread and alcoholic drinks

22
Q

What does the body demand more during exercise?

A

More energy

23
Q

During exercise the body demands more energy. So what happens?

A

Rate of respiration increases

24
Q

What all increase when the respiration rate increases?

A

Heart rate
Breathing rate
Breath volume

25
Q

Why do Heart rate, Breathing rate and Breath volume all increase during exercise?

A

To supply the muscles with more oxygen and glucose for the increase in aerobic respiration

26
Q

When does anaerobic respiration start to happen?

A

During vigorous activity when the muscle are not getting enough oxygen

27
Q

What does anaerobic respiration cause in the body?

A

Build up of lactic acid and creates oxygen debt

28
Q

What does the build up of lactic acid cause in the body?

A

Muscles to hurt and stops them contracting efficiently

29
Q

Why does lactic acid need getting rid of quickly?

A

It is poison

30
Q

Once exercise is finished, the oxygen debt must be __________

A

‘Repaid’

31
Q

What happens to the lactic acid after exercise?

A

Blood flowing through muscles transports the lactic acid to the liver where it is broken down

32
Q

What is oxygen debt?

A

The amount of extra oxygen the body needs after exercise to react with the lactic acid and remove it from cells

33
Q

What is metabolism?

A

The sum of all the chemical reactions in a cell or in the body

34
Q

What are the chemical reaction in a cell or body controlled by?

A

Enzymes and many need a transfer of energy

35
Q

What is the energy in respiration used for in metabolism?

A

Energy is transferred by respiration and used to make new molecules

36
Q

What is the energy transferred by respiration used to build specifically?

A

The conversion of glucose to starch, glycogen and cellulose

Formation of lipid molecules from a molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acids

The use of glucose and nitrate ions to form amino acids, which are used to synthesise proteins

The breakdown of excess proteins into urea for excretion

Biology (6 decks)

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