4.2.3 Organic Synthesis Flashcards
What is included in a basic set of Quickfit apparatus?
Round-bottom/pear-shaped flask
Receiver
Screw-tap adaptor
Condenser
Still head
What apparatus is needed for heating under reflux?
Round-bottom/pear-shaped flask
Condenser
Rubber tubing
Stand and clamp
Heat source (Bunsen burner, tripod, gauze or heating mantle)
Method for heating under reflux.
Set up a clamp with the flask with your reaction mixture in.
Set up heating apparatus underneath (heatproof mat, Bunsen burner, tripod, gauze)
Add anti-bumping granules to the reaction mixture.
Connect condenser with rubber tubing, connect to tap and turn on.
Turn on Bunsen burner and allow reaction to take place.
What apparatus is needed for distillation?
Round-bottom/ pear-shaped flask
Condenser
Rubber tubing
Heat source
Stand and clamp
Screw-cap adaptor
Receiver adaptor
Still head
Thermometer
Method for distillation
Set up a clamp with the pear shaped flask.
Set up heating equipment underneath.
Attach a still head with condenser and screw-tap adaptor and thermometer.
Attach receiver to condenser and place a conical flask underneath it.
Connect rubber tubing to tap and turn on.
Heat the organic mixture and vapour will reach the condenser and condense and drip into the conical flask.
How to purify an organic product.
Use a separating funnel.
Place a conical flask underneath to collect the lower layer as you remove the stopper and open the tap until the lower layer has left the funnel.
Place another conical flask underneath to collect the other layer.
How to dry an organic product.
Add organic liquid to conical flask.
Add some drying agent to the flask and swirl.
Place a stopper and leave it.
Decant the liquid, if it’s clear it’s dry.
Common drying agents and their uses.
CaCl2 hydrocarbons
CaSO4 general
MgSO4 general
Redistillation method
Clean and dry distillation apparatus and set up again.
Only collect product with boiling point of the product you’re making.
