4+20 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the constitutional powers of government?

A
  1. Federal form of government
    2.Seperation of powers
    3.Supremacy clause
    -power of fed gov vs Power of States
  2. commerce clause
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2
Q

what’s the federal form of government?

A

-power is divided between the central gov (federal) and states
-all powers not granted to fed gov are reserved to the states

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3
Q

sovereignty

A

power of a state to do what is necessary to govern itself. individual state sovereignty is determined by the US constitution

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4
Q

Separation of powers

A

-ensures that no branch of gov is granted too much power
- checks and balances allow each branch to limit the powers of the other branches (every branch has a way to undo each other branch)

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5
Q

supremacy clause

A

The provision in Article VI of the US constitution that the constitution,laws & treaties of the United states are the “supreme law of the land”
-“federal laws are the highest laws”

power of states:
-police power of the 10th amendment allows states to regulate for public order,health, safety,morals & general welfare within their borders
-in case of direct conflict between state and constitutional federal law,state law is invalid

“if its on the list,congress can pass making it a fed law, if not states gets it. when conflict, fed wins”

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6
Q

commerce clause

A

(used the most)
Article I, section 8 of US constitution gives congress the power to regulate interstate commerce

-gives congress time to regulate:
-Commerce AND
-interstate or foreign nations OR Native American Tribes

-4 court cases examples that were able to change what commerce clause means (wheat farm,medical marijuana,
-gibbons v ogden expanded the power to regulate all activities that “substantially affect” interstate commerce (tax shipped goods, marijuana in cali can be taken away anytime by the fed)
-has a greater impact upon business than any other part of the constitution

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7
Q

Dormant Commerce Clause

A

-under commerce clause
-federal gov has power over interstate commerce, meanwhile states DONT

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8
Q

Tax and Spending Clause

A

(2nd most used part of the constitution for fed gov powers)
- congress has the power to “lay and collect taxes…. to pay the debts & provide for the common defense and general welfare of the US… but all (taxes) shall be uniform throughout the US”
-can condition receipt of federal funds

-govt can stop funding if states don’t comply
-anything can be argued to be for general welfare

ex: george w bush with preparing kids for college, standardized tests by fed gov were used every week,districts didn’t like. funds stopped if no one tested)

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9
Q

bill of rights , what amendment is a focus on our class)

A

first 10 amendments of our constitution
-1st amendment,freedom of speech

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10
Q

what’s the 1st amendment

A

-protects rights to free speech ,both spoken and symbolic (flag in protest,media,podcast,written)
-govt may make reasonable restrictions to free speech rights
-may regulate time,place and manner but not content of speech
-there must be a compelling govt interest to regulate the content of speech

-ppl use free speech wrong
-commercial speech is protected as well, to a lesser extent (advertising & marketing)
-free speech is protected from gov not priv companies

ex: collin kapernick kneeled against police violence ,NFL didn’t violate cuz it’s a priv company

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11
Q

unprotected speech types include:

A

-obscenity & child pornography (obscenity wasn’t defined by court but pornography can be)
-defamatory language (spreading lies)
-threatening conduct (gun & “kill u”
-“fighting words” or language likely to incite others to violence

-gov can arrest/ban if any are made
ex: kkk can be arrested if they tell p to be violent

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12
Q

what are agencies and where do administrative agencies exist

A

isn’t a branch of govt but it’s a sub-branch ,has ability to create laws

all levels of government
-fed /state /local have agencies)

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13
Q

national executive agencies

A

within the cabinet department of the executive branch and are empowered by congress;also independent,regulatory agencies (IRS)

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14
Q

state and local agencies

A

offer serve parallel functions to their national counterparts

ex: fed: environmental protection agency; state: california environmental protection agency; they’re split up by to pie , can past laws based on topic)

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15
Q

examples of fed agencies (don’t have to memorize)

A

state, treasury , justice , labor ,energy

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16
Q

what’s the practical significance of agencies

A

-provide a comprehensive regulatory scheme, agencies in govt work together & share the responsibility of creating and enforcing particular regulations

-stack experts of topic/practice to be better equipped to pass regulations

17
Q

deference

A

legal concept that refers to the respect or yielding that one legal actor or institution shows to another , principle of judicial review

18
Q

judicial deference to agency decisions

A

-historically courts granted deference to the agency’s judgement , they accepted and cited their expertise in subject area of regulation

19
Q

what’s the chevron case (part of Judicial deference to agency decisions)

A

-the issue was whether the courts should defer to an agency’s interpretation of the statute giving it authority to act
- the US supreme court held that cory at should defer to an agency’s interpretation of law as well as fact as long as it’s reasonable
- if statute is unclear or silent courts must follow agency interpretation of reasonable

-if reasonable court has to defer to it

20
Q

Agency powers and the constitution (How are they controlled?)

A
  1. Executive controls- president has veto power & can appoint officers (that’s why after elections there’s new ppl)
    2.Legislative Controls - congress can give power to an agency through enabling legislation or take power away
  2. Judicial controls:
    Admin procedure act(ADA) federal statute- court may hold agency power “arbitrary & for proofs” if they aren’t in compliance with constitutional due process
    -agency must provide fair notice before changing regulatory practices
21
Q

constitutional due process

A

give fair notice of new or change in regulatory process

22
Q

administrative process

A

1.rule making
2.investigation
3. Adjudication
4. Complaint process

23
Q

Rulemaking

A

-process where admin agency formally adopts a new regulation or amends or removes an old one
-notice and comment rulemaking
-provide notice of the proposed rule by publishing rulemaking procedures
-a comment period to give interested parties time to express their views,either written or orally
-final rule is drafted and published

24
Q

Investigation

A

-agency enforces rules/laws
-inspections and tests of business faculties & products
-Subpeonas for witness and physical evidence (issue orders)
-search warrant for specific items to be seized. warrantless searches are allowed for emergencies

25
Q

Adjudication

A

(part of administrative process)
the legal process of resolving a dispute or deciding a case. admin law judges (AlJs) decide if a rule was violated at a hearing
-mini execute legislative & judicial branch
-have their own system to their own dispute
-negotiated settlements are used to avoid hearings
-if not settled a formal complaint is filed
-hearing procedures vary widely
-the ALJ issues an initial order, which is appealable.final order is then issued
-disputes can look different, depends on agency

26
Q

Complaint process

A

1.household movers broke stuff
2.complete complaint form (basic info address contact,etc)
3. submit complaint and gets back in 28 days (contacts company )

27
Q

Admin Agency reports vs Court

A

agency reports are:
-faster with forms
-may not have attorney represented
-dispute resolution process complaints confidential
-public doesn’t know
-company prefers it (stays private)
-confidential decision(hard to find

court :
-lawsuit is public
-ppl will watch case
-company’s don’t prefer
-publicity if can go to court

28
Q

whats the 10th amendment

A

any powers that wasnt specifically given to the fed gov, or was withheld from states, are reserved to the states

29
Q

Whats administrative law and its signficance to business

A

-created by admin agencies
-regulate many agencies and many areas of govt, community and businesses

-A significant cost of “doing business “ requires complicance with admin and agency laws