4. 1071-1099 FOUNDATION Flashcards
What was the power that popes claimed as Peter’s spiritual successor?
Petrine Authority
What was the conflict that erupted between papacy and King of Germany?
Investiture
Which rival (‘anti’) pope was backed by Henry IV between 1080 and 1100?
Clement III
Who was pope between 1073 and 1085?
Gregory VII
Who was pope between 1088 and 1099?
Urban II
Which document, written by Gregory VII, laid out powers claimed by the papacy?
Dictatus Papae
In what year was the Great Schism between Rome and Constantinople?
1054
What was a desire to travel to holy places like Jerusalem?
Pilgrimage
When was the council of Clermont that launched the First Crusade?
November 1095
What was the clash between the job of killing and Christian values?
Knightly dilemma
What was the name given to forces who fought for the pope before the First Crusade?
Milites Christi
What were venerated and could be ‘bodily’ or ‘brandea’?
Relics
In what year was the Great Schism between Rome and Constantinople?
1054
Where did the Byzantine and Turkish forces clash in 1071?
Manzikert
Which Byzantine city in southern Italy fell to the Normans in 1071?
Bari
Who was Byzantine emperor between 1071 and 1078?
Michael VII
Who was Byzantine emperor between 1081 and 1118?
Alexius I
At which major battle in 1081 was Alexius I defeated by the Normans?
Dyrrachium
Which tribe threatened the northern Byzantine lands in the 1080s?
Pechenegs
Which tribe did Alexius I ally with to destroy the Pechenegs?
Cumans
What was the branch of Islam that the Seljuk Turks had converted to?
Sunni
What was the branch of Islam that the Fatimids belonged to?
Shia
Which Turkish leader did Alexius I forge a close alliance with in 1081?
Sulayman
Which Seljuk Sultan died in 1092 after a successful twenty year reign?
Malik Shah
What relic helped the morale of the First crusaders at Antioch?
Holy Lance
Which battle resulted in the decisive defeat of Kilij Arslan during the First Crusade?
Dorylaeum
Which city did the First crusaders spend eight months besieging before they captured it in June 1098?
Antioch
Which city was recaptured for the Byzantines by the First Crusade in June 1097?
Nicaea
Whose military skill was decisive at Dorylaeum and Antioch on the First Crusade?
Bohemond
What motivated Bohemond, Tancred and Baldwin on the First Crusade?
Economic greed
What was a promise made to crusaders that previous sins would be wiped clean?
Remittance of sins
Which person accompanied the First crusade as Alexius’s representative?
Taticius
Which city was captured by the First Crusade on 15 July 1099 after a one-month siege?
Jerusalem
Which Seljuk Sultan died in 1092 after a successful twenty year reign?
Malik Shah
