3A

Question 1

What is the endosymbiotic theory?

Answer 1

The theory that chloroplasts and mitochondria originated from prokaryotic cells.

Question 2

Which of the following is not evidence for the endosymbiotic theory?

Answer 2

C. Chloroplasts and mitochondria have structures that resemble prokaryotic cell.

Question 3

Who realized that doctors were causing maternal deaths by failing to wash their hands?

Answer 3

D. Ignaz Semmelweis

Question 4

How did Joseph Lister improve surgical outcomes?

Answer 4

C. by using phenol as an antiseptic and disinfectant during surgery

Question 5

What was the idea that life could appear from nonliving materials called?

Answer 5

D. the theory of spontaneous generation

Question 6

Which scientist performed experiments that disproved the theory of spontaneous generation?

Answer 6

B. Louis Pasteur

Question 7

Prokaryotes are classified into which domains?

Answer 7

C. Domains Archaea and Bacteria only

Question 8

What term refers to a curved rod?

Answer 8

D. vibrio

Question 9

When a bacterial cell with a cell wall is placed in salt water with a higher-solute concentration, the cell will undergo which process?

Answer 9

D. plasmolysis

Question 10

Where is the bacterial chromosome located?

Answer 10

B. the nucleoid region

Question 11

Which scientist thought spontaneous generation occurred in flasks of broth after boiling?

Answer 11

A. John Needham

Question 12

Sporulation generally occurs under which circumstances?

Answer 12

A. when conditions are unfavorable or there are insufficient nutrients

Question 13

Which of the following is not a difference between endospores and vegetative cells?
A) vegetative cells are metabolically active where is endospores are dormant
B) vegetative cells are more resilient due to their metabolic activities, whereas endospores are more sensitive to change
C) vegetative cells normally have enzyme activity, whereas endospores do not show enzymatic activity
D) vegetative cells stain easily using normal staining protocols were indoors are difficult to stain without special Emdospore stains

Answer 13

B. Vegetative cells are more resilient due to their metabolic activities, whereas endospores are more sensitive to change.

Question 14

Immediately following asymmetric cell division during sporulation, which structure contains the DNA?

Answer 14

B. forespore

Question 15

What term refers to proteins that extend across the plasma membrane?

Answer 15

D. transmembrane proteins

Question 16

Capsules and slime layers are examples of which type of structure?

Answer 16

B. glycocalyces

Question 17

How do bacteria use flagella to move purposefully toward or away from a chemical?

Answer 17

B. increasing the length of runs and decreasing the length of tumbles

Question 18

Which of the following gives the correct order of the stages of sporulation?

Answer 18

B. DNA replication, formation of a double layer of membrane, cortex formation, spore release

Question 19

All cells have which of the following?

Answer 19

B. cell membrane

Question 20

What are the typical differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

Answer 20

eukaryotic cells typically have circular chromosomes, whereas prokaryotic cells have linear chromosomes

Question 21

Which cell would best survive in a hypotonic environment?

Answer 21

A gram-positive bacterium in a medium without antibiotics.

Question 22

What results in a run for a peritrichously flagellated bacterium?

Answer 22

Counterclockwise flagellar rotation.

Question 23

True or False - One of the first recorded proponents of spontaneous generation was Aristotle.

Answer 23

True.

Question 24

Which of the following are not types of inclusions in bacterial cells?

Answer 24

None; all listed (carboxysomes, magnetosomes, thylakoids, volutin granules) are types of inclusions.

Question 25

True or False - All bacterial cells can form endospores.

Answer 25

False.

Question 26

True or False - Some bacterial inclusions are surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer membrane.

Answer 26

True.

Question 27

Match the term for bacterial cell arrangement with the correct illustration: diplococcus.

Answer 27

ii.

Question 28

Match the term for bacterial cell arrangement with the correct illustration: staphylococcus.

Answer 28

iv.

Question 29

Match the term for bacterial cell arrangement with the correct illustration: streptococcus.

Answer 29

iii.

Question 30

Match the term for bacterial cell arrangement with the correct illustration: streptobacillus.

Answer 30

v.

Question 31

What are the three domains of life?

Answer 31

• Archaea
• Eukarya
• Bacteria

Question 32

Match each type of solution with its best description: hypertonic.

Answer 32

iii.

Question 33

Match each type of solution with its best description: hypotonic.

Answer 33

i.

Question 34

Match each type of solution with its best description: isotonic.

Answer 34

ii.

Question 35

The plasma membrane is a(n) _______ bilayer.

Answer 35

phospholipid

Question 36

What theory explains that chloroplasts and mitochondria arose from prokaryotes that lived within eukaryotic cells?

Answer 36

Endosymbiotic model.

Question 37

Why is the plasma membrane considered a fluid mosaic?

Answer 37

It consists of various proteins that float in or on the fluid lipid bilayer.

Question 38

What is the difference between facilitated transport and active transport?

Answer 38

Facilitated transport does not require energy; active transport does.

Question 39

What structures do cyanobacteria use for photosynthesis?

Answer 39

Thylakoids.

Question 40

In osmosis, water moves across a semipermeable membrane in response to a concentration gradient. Why don’t sodium and chloride ions cross the membrane instead of just water?

Answer 40

Sodium and chloride ions are unable to pass due to the membrane’s selective permeability.

Question 41

Fill in the blank: The theory that states chloroplasts and mitochondria arose from prokaryotes is known as the _______ model.

Answer 41

endosymbiotic