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5. Understanding Great Music > 3. The Middle Ages > Flashcards

3. The Middle Ages Flashcards

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Ultimate Music Theory flashcards
1
Q

What two periods characterize the Middle Ages?

A
  1. Early Middle Ages
  2. High Middle Ages
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2
Q

What dates mark the early Middle Ages?

A
  1. 600 - 1000 CE
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3
Q

What dates mark the High Middle Ages?

A
  1. 1000 - 1400 CE
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4
Q

What were the 2 main roles of music in the Medieval Church?

A
  1. To create a mood of peace conducive to prayer
  2. To establish the liturgy
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5
Q

What music style was predominant during the Middle Ages?

A
  1. Plainchant
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6
Q

What is Plainchant?

A
  1. Unadorned and monophonic vocal music
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7
Q

What is another name for Plainchant?

A
  1. Gregorian Chant
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8
Q

How is Gregorian Chant a misnomer?

A
  1. Much of Gregorian chant was created long after Gregory lived.
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9
Q

What is one of the most common Plainchant Hymns?

A
  1. Ave Maris Stella
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10
Q

What is Ave Maris Stella about?

A
  1. A hymn in praise of the Virgin Mary
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11
Q

When were plainchant hymns sung?

A
  1. During the “offices” or daily Liturgy of the Hours, but not during the Mass.
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12
Q

Why are Plainchant hymns so relaxing and conducive to meditation and spiritual quietude?

A
  1. They have monophonic texture
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13
Q

What is monophonic texture?

A
  1. A music style with only one melody
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14
Q

What are the 2 main character traits of monophonic texture?

A
  1. Conjunct - smooth and singable
  2. No regular beat
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15
Q

What was the Roman Catholic Church’s view about a strong, steady beat?

A
  1. It was reminiscent of pagan music, and was therefore not appropriate for church liturgy
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16
Q

What function does the rhythm of plainchant serve?

A
  1. To support to words being sung
17
Q

Who is credited with the creation of Plainchant music?

A
  1. Thousands of anonymous musicians over thousands of years
18
Q

What type of music represents the single greatest body of music created by Western culture?

A
  1. Plainchant
19
Q

What is the only music that has survived in written form from the Early Middle Ages?

A
  1. Plainchant
20
Q

What trend was a hallmark of the high middle ages in Europe?

A
  1. The gradual return of western culture and civility to Western Europe
21
Q

What dramatic changes occurred in Europe during the high middle ages?

A
  1. Social, technological, and artistic changes
22
Q

What 3 major technological changes occurred in Europe during the High Middle Ages?

A
  1. Horse-drawn plows
  2. The process of crop rotation
  3. Wind and water power for irrigation and milling
23
Q

What resulted from the technological changes in the high middle ages?

A
  1. More food to be grown and an increased population
24
Q

What 3 main urban developments resulted in the population growth in the High Middle Ages?

A
  1. The rebirth of cities
  2. Universities were founded
  3. Romanesque and Gothic architecture was developed
25
Q

What two types of texts were translated into vernacular during the high middle ages?

A
  1. Greek and Arabic texts
26
Q

What two types of texts were translated into vernacular during the high middle ages?

A
  1. Greek and Arabic texts
27
Q

What dates mark the Crusades?

A
  1. 1090 - 1290 BCE
28
Q

What major transition in music occurred between the years 900 and 1000?

A
  1. The development of composed polyphony
29
Q

What is Polyphony?

A
  1. A musical texture in which two or more principle melodies are hear simultaneously
30
Q

What was developed to facilitate the composition, promulgation, and performance of composed polyphony?

A
  1. A universally understood system of musical notation
31
Q

What replaced improvisation as the essential mode of musical creation when polyphony was being developed?

A
  1. Composition
32
Q

What two things naturally followed as composition replaced improvisation?

A
  1. Compositional procedure
  2. The rise of specialists who could compose and notate polyphony
33
Q

What was the earliest composed and notated polyphony?

A
  1. Organum
34
Q

What is Organum?

A
  1. A mix between monophony and polyphony where one voice presents a plainchant and other voices simultaneously decorate and embellish the plainchant
35
Q

What is the date of the earliest and simplest Organum?

A
  1. 900 CE
36
Q

When did Organum reach its artistic peak?

A
  1. 1150 - 1300 CE

5. Understanding Great Music (3 decks)

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