22 - Urbanization in the Global South Flashcards
What are slums characterized by?
- the use of poor-quality building materials
- land occupations that is illegal or legally ambiguous
- lack of basic services (sanitation, water, and sometimes electricity)
- widespread poverty
Who has the largest slum population, by country?
China
Who has the largest slum proportion, by country?
Ethiopia
Who is associated with the idea “planet of the slums”
Mike Davis
In solving a Complex equation, urban poor try to optimize…
- housing cost
- tenure security
- quality of shelter
- journey to work
- personal safety
What is the tenement housing situation in the slum?
- large, multi-family dwelling
- usually built on urban core
- 2 kind of tenement situations in the slums:
- Hand-me-downs
- trendy neighbourhoods turn into slums - Built for poor
- large complexes built as low-rent housing options for the poor
What is the Sidewalk-dwelling housing situation in the slum?
- living on the streets is a cheap way to be close to a job (sometimes that all there is)
- living on the streets is rarely free
- paying fees to authorities etc
What is the squatting housing situation in the slum?
- the possession of land without sale or title
- rarely free; pay bribes to authoritys
- often unauthorized
What is the pirate urbanism housing situation in the slum?
- extralegal privatization of squatting
- owner-occupied
- rental
What are the 2 slum typology’s?
- Metro Core (formal)
-tenements
-public housing
-hostels, flophouses etc
(informal)
-squatters
-pavement dwellers - Periphery (formal)
-private rental
-public housing
(informal)
-pirate subdivisions
-squatters
(refuge camps)
why is there a disproportionate amount of death and destruction from ‘natural’ disasters?
- unprofitability of the land the slums are built on
- haphazard construction of slums; COMBUSTABLE poverty
what is garbage dump syndrome?
many slums have this; they are situated beside (or on) conditions that the middle class would never tolerate
Petro-Dollar Recycling
- oil embargo in 1973, OPEC countries made a lot of money and they put it in the bank
- bank didnt want to put interest on all the money so they lent it to developing countries
- developing countries had trouble paying their debts so IMF and world bank encourage neoliberal reforms in their economies (structural adjustment programs)
- in debt countries cut social programs, privatized public corporations, developed policies that favoured goods for export
Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs)
- neoliberal restructuring
- most SAPs were a failure
- urban poverty continued to grow at a alarming rate
What is bootstrap capitalism?
within slums there is a vibrant informal economy full of aspiring entrepreneurs and all we need to do is give them the means to compete in the market and they will work their way out of poverty
-mike davis
