2.2

Question 1

Dendrite

Answer 1

A branched, treelike structure
attached to the soma of a neuron; receives
information from the terminal buttons of
other neurons.

Question 2

Synapse

Answer 2

A junction between the terminal
button of an axon and the membrane of
another neuron.

Question 3

Axon

Answer 3

The long, thin, cylindrical structure
that conveys information from the soma
of a neuron to its terminal buttons.

Question 4

Axoplasmic transport

Answer 4

An active process by which substances are propelled along microtubules that run the length of the axon

Question 5

Anterograde

Answer 5

In a direction along an axon
from the cell body toward the terminal
buttons.

Question 6

Retrograde

Answer 6

In a direction along an axon
from the terminal buttons toward the cell body

Question 7

Myelin sheath

Answer 7

A sheath that
surrounds axons and insulates them,
preventing messages from spreading
between adjacent axons.

Question 8

Terminal button

Answer 8

The bud at the end of
a branch of an axon; forms synapses with
another neuron; sends information to that neuron

Question 9

Neurotransmitter

Answer 9

A chemical that is
released by a terminal button; has an
excitatory or inhibitory effect on another
neuron

Question 10

Membrane

Answer 10

A structure consisting
principally of lipid molecules that defines
the outer boundaries of a cell and also
constitutes many of the cell organelles

Question 11

Cytoskeleton

Answer 11

Formed of microtubules
and other protein fibers, linked to each
other and forming a cohesive mass that
gives a cell its shape

Question 12

Microtubule

Answer 12

A long strand of bundles of protein filaments arranged around a hollow core; part of the
cytoskeleton and involved in transporting
substances from place to place within the cell.