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2nd day g12 > 21st > Flashcards

21st Flashcards

1
Q

It came from the Latin word ‘litera’ which means letters.

A

Literature

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2
Q

SUBJECT AND THEMES

A

Identity
History & Memory:
Social Evils
Catastrophe
Merits and/or Perils of Technology
Personalization of Narratives

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3
Q

Pertains to the technicalities of the composition of the work and its aesthetic appeal which may pave the way for truth and beauty to be revealed.

A

ARTISTRY

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4
Q

Characterized as thought- provoking as it challenges the domineering ideology and encourage critical thinking and rational thinking.

A

INTELLECTUAL VALUE

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5
Q

Rely on the affective aspect of the literary work. It relies on emotion in order to convey meanings and messages.

A

SUGGESTIVE VALUE

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6
Q

Ability of a literary work to withstand the test of time. These works have been “canonized” by institutions, universities, and award- giving bodies.

A

PERMANENCE

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7
Q

Refer to the way the writer has expressed themselves in their work. The writer may explore unique and creative ways to make their work memorable and leave a lasting impression on its readers.

A

STYLE

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8
Q

This feature is the ability of the literary work to inspire its readers by lifting the reader’s spirit and nourishing it through some sort of realization and enlightenment.

A

SPIRITUAL VALUE

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9
Q

This feature suggests that good literature should appeal and be relatable across culture, gender, and time.

A

UNIVERSALITY

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10
Q

BASIC LITERARY GENRES

A

Fiction
Non-fiction
Poetry
Drama
Creative Non-Fiction

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11
Q

This period shows the Filipino customs and traditions in everyday can be traced in their folk stories, old days, and short stories more shared initially through oral traditions.

A

PRE-SPANISH/PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD

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12
Q

LITERARY FORMS IN PRE-SPANISH

A

Oral Literature
Folk Songs
Folk Tales
Epics

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13
Q

battle of wits among participants.
Ex: Ate mo, ate ko ate nating lahat.

A

Riddles (Bugtong)

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14
Q

wise sayings that contain a metaphor.
Ex: Habang may buhay, may pag-asa.

A

Proverbs (Salawakian)

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15
Q

a form of folk lyric that expresses the hopes and aspirations, the people’s lifestyles, and their love.

A

Folk Songs

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16
Q

lullaby

A

Hele or oyayi

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17
Q

7-syllable per line poem that is about human relationships and social entertainment.

A

Ambahan (Mangyan)

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18
Q

work songs that depict the livelihood of the people.

A

Kalusan (Iyatan)

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19
Q

drinking song.

A

Tagay (Cebuano & Waray)

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20
Q

song of lamentation for the dead.

A

Kanogan (Cebuano)

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21
Q

explain how the world was created, how certain animals possess certain characteristics, and why some places have waterfalls, volcanoes, flora, or fauna.

A

Myths

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22
Q

explain the origin of things.

A

Legends

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23
Q

used animal characters and allegory.

A

Fables

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24
Q

deal with underworld characters such as tiyanak, aswang, kapre, and others.

A

Fantastic stories

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25
Q

These are “narratives of sustained length based on oral tradition revolving supernatural events or heroic deeds”.

A

Epics

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26
Q

Religion (Catholicism) was the biggest influence on Filipinos.
The first Filipino alphabet called Baybayin was replaced by the Roman alphabet.
The teaching of the Christian Doctrine became the basis of religious practices.
ROMAN ALPHABET
The first book was printed in the Philippines entitled “ Doctrina Cristiana en lengua Española Tagala”.
The first university was established in 1611: The University of Santo Tomas.

A

THE SPANISH PERIOD (1585-1898)

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27
Q

Religious lyrics written by Ladino poets or those versed in both Spanish and Tagalog were included in early catechism and were used to teach Filipinos the Spanish language.

A

Religious Literature

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28
Q

a long narrative poem about the passion and death of Christ. The most popular was “ Ang Mahal na Passion ni Jesu Cristong Panginoon Natin”.

A

Pasyon

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29
Q

a dramatization of the pasyon, it shows the passion and the death of Christ.

A

Senakulo

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30
Q

colorful tales of chivalry made for singing and chanting. Ex Ibong Adarna.

A

Awit

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31
Q

metrical tale is written in octosyllabic quatrains. Ex: Florante at Laura by Francisco Baltazar.

A

Korido

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32
Q

written to prescribe proper decorum.

A

Prose Narratives

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33
Q

After 300 years of passivity under Spanish rule, the Filipino spirit reawakened when the 3 priests Gomez, Burgos and Zamora were guillotined without sufficient evidence of guilt.

A

THE PERIOD OF ENLIGHTENMENT (1872-1898)

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34
Q

PROPAGANDA MEMBERS

A

Dr. Jose P. Rizal
Marcelo H. Del Pilar
Graciano Lopez Jaena
Antonio Luna
Jose Ma. Panganiban
Pedro Paterno

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35
Q

Filipino writers went into all forms of literature like news, reporting, poetry, stories, plays, essays, and novels. Their writings clearly depicted their love of country and their longings for independence.

A

THE AMERICAN REGIME (1898-1941)

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36
Q

This period gave an advantageous stance on Filipino Literature, which experienced renewed attention because writers in English turned to writing in Filipino and other vernacular languages.
Juan Laya, who used to write in English turned to use Filipino because of the strict prohibition of the Japanese regarding writing in English.
The weekly LIWAYWAY was placed under strict surveillance until it was taken over by a Japanese named Ishiwara.

A

THE JAPANESE REGIME (1941-1945)

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37
Q

A poem of free verse that the Japanese like. It was made up of 17 syllables divided into three lines.

A

Haiku

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38
Q

Like the Haiku, is short but it had measure and rhyme.

A

Tanaga

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39
Q

Like those mentioned earlier in the beginning chapters of this book.

A

Karaniwang Anyo

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40
Q

The early post-liberation period was marked by a kind of “struggle of mind and spirit”.
The Palanca Awards was launched in the 1950’s, giving inspiration tribute to Filipino writers who shaped and redefined the landscape of Philippine Literature.

A

THE REBIRTH OF FREEDOM (1946-1970)

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41
Q

During this period the youth became strong and rebellious. This is proven not only in the bloody demonstration and in the sidewalk expression but also in literature.

A

THE PERIOD OF ACTIVISM (1970-1972)

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42
Q

During this period almost all themes in most writings dealt with the development or progress of the country –like the Green Revolution, family planning, proper nutrition, environment, drug addiction and pollution.

A

THE PERIOD OF NEW SOCIETY (1972-1981)

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43
Q

During this period Senator Benigno S. Aquino Sr., the idol of the Filipino masses was brutally murdered on August 21, 1983, at Manila International Airport.
Writers wrote openly of their criticism against the government. The supplications of the people were coached in fiery, colorful, violent, profane, and insulting language.

A

PERIOD OF THE THIRD REPUBLIC (1981-1985)

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44
Q

as democracy was restored in the presidency of Corazon Aquino, the once taunted press exercised their freedom again. In the short span of the existence of the true Republic of the Philippines, several changes are evident. This is most noticeable in new Filipino songs, information in newspapers, speeches, and even in television program.

A

POST EDSA

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45
Q

The 2000s (decade) saw a steep increase in the acceptability of literature of all types, inspired by the coming of- age of millions of people who enjoyed the works of C. S Lewis.
The 2000s (decade) also saw the popularization of manga, or Japanese comics, among international audiences, particularly in English-speaking nations. We have a wide range of resources through the internet, and this gave opportunities to people, especially the youth, to begin writing and expressing their thoughts, ideas, and feelings. A perfect example would be WattPad. It became popular to the Filipino youth in 2006.

A

21ST CENTURY

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46
Q

are comics created in Japan or by Japanese creators in the Japanese language. The medium includes works in a broad range of genres: action-adventure, romance, sports, historical and the like.

A

MANGA

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47
Q

It comes from the root word “canon” or a generally accepted rule, standard, or principle by which something is judged.
In literature, this is the collection of works considered representative of a certain genre and period.
Its connectedness with works of literature is highly respected.

A

CANONICAL

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48
Q

They are writers whose works have been well appreciated and considered representatives of certain genres of literature.

A

CANONICAL AUTHORS

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49
Q

is an award given to those exemplary individuals who gave immeasurable effort in writing literature.

A

The National Artist Award

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50
Q

Qualifications

A

Living artist who have been Filipino citizens for the last ten years.
Artist who has helped build a Filipino sense of Nationhood through the content and form of their works.
Artist who has distinguished themselves by pioneering in a mode of creative expression, or style, making an impact on succeeding generations of artist.
Artist who has created a significant body of works and have consistently displayed excellence in the practice of their art form.
Artist who enjoys broad acceptance through prestigious national and/or international recognition.

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51
Q

Nominations

A

List of selected nominated artists will be submitted to the national artist secretaries which are created by the National Artist Award Committee, experts from different art fields.
The next deliberation will be a joint meeting of the commissioners of NCCA and the board of Trustees of CCP.
Once done, the final list will then be forwarded to the president of the Philippines, who, by presidential Proclamation, proclaims the final nominees as members of the Order of National Artist.

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52
Q

Awards and Beliefs

A

The rank and title of National artist, as proclaimed by the president of the Philippines.

Grand collar of the order of national artist and a citation; comparable in value to those received by the highest officers of the land such as:
Cash award of 100, 000.00
Cash award of 75, 000.00
A monthly life pension medical and hospitalization benefits
Life insurance
State funeral (Lobingan ng mga Bayani)
A place of honor

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53
Q

is a category of artistic, musical, or literary composition characterized by a particular style, form, or content.

A

GENRE

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54
Q

3 MAIN GENRES

A

Prose
Poetry
Drama

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55
Q

It is known to be a conversational language presented orally or in writing.
* It is composed of phrases, clauses, sentences, and paragraphs.
* It also employs the use of figurative languages to create aesthetic effect.

A

PROSE

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56
Q

It represents real-life experiences and situations in imaginary narratives.

A

FICTION

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57
Q

It deals with facts and real events.

A

NON-FICTION

58
Q

SUBGENRES OF FICTION

A

Novel
Novella
Short Story
Legend
Myth
Fable
Parable

59
Q

Are prose narratives on a large scale (book-length) and can be divided into 3 types: fantasy, love, and adventure novels.
It is a long narrative in written form that has a very complicated plot.
It is usually divided into chapters that are crucial to the story’s main plot.
It usually consists of at least 50,000 words, though varies depending on genre.

A

NOVELS

60
Q

It is a work of fiction intermediate in length and complexity between a short story and a novel.

A

NOVELLA

61
Q

5,000 to 10,000 words, but they can be anything above 1,000 words.
It is shorter than a novella and has a simpler plot.
Sometimes it is written in a simple linear plot and often showcases a singular, simple setting.

A

SHORT STORY

62
Q

It is a story of some wonderful events popularly believed to have some historical basis and passed down through the ages.
It is a story that tell migrations, wars, and victories, deeds of past heroes, chief, king, and successful in ruling dynasties.

A

LEGEND

63
Q

It is a story that explains the origin of the world, humanity, death, or natural phenomena.
It also deals with gods and folkloric creatures.
It refers to traditional tales common to members of tribes, races, or nations usually involving supernatural and serving natural phenomena or suggest religious moral truth.

A

MYTH

64
Q

It is a story about animals that can behave like humans.
It is a short allegorical tale conveying a moral behavior principle where animals are characters.
The stories classified in this genre contain morals that apply to humanity.

A

FABLE

65
Q

It is a story found in the sacred scriptures.
It contains symbols, that when interpreted, can teach a life lesson in accordance with Christian faith and teaching.

A

PARABLE

66
Q

They are the representations of a human being in the story.
They embody a trait or a human attribute that the author intends to include in the narrative.

A

Characters

67
Q

the story’s main character and her presence is crucial because it propels the plot forward.

A

Protagonist

68
Q

a character that goes against the main character. He/she challenges the protagonists and obstructs the protagonist’s success.

A

Antagonist

69
Q

a character that exhibits noticeable development.

A

Dynamic Character

70
Q

a character who exhibits no changes and development.

A

Static Character

71
Q

a character that undergoes a certain change as these characters have complex personalities strategically unraveling in the story.

A

Round Character

72
Q

a character who exhibits no changes and development and remains constant throughout the story.

A

Flat Character

73
Q

It is the time and place in which the events of a story happened.

A

Setting

74
Q

It is the sequence of events in the story.

A

Plot

75
Q

moves with the natural sequence of events where actions are arranged sequentially.

A

Linear Plot

76
Q

a kind of plot where the linear development of a story merges with an interruption in chronological order to show an event in the past.

A

Circular Plot

77
Q

a plot where the story commences in the middle part of the action.

A

En Medias Res

78
Q

The introduction of the story.
This is the part where the protagonist and characters, setting, and even the first conflict are described and presented.

A

Exposition

79
Q

It speaks a lot about the progress of the story because of the conflicts faced by the protagonist.

A

Rising Action

80
Q

TYPES OF CONFLICT

A

Man vs. Man
Man vs. Nature
Man vs. Society
Man vs. Self
Man vs. Technology
Man vs. Supernatural

81
Q

This is the highest peak of emotion and tension in the story.
This is the point of greatest emotional intensity, interest, as well as suspense.

A

Climax

82
Q

This is the part that describes how the protagonist addresses the main conflict and how he finally finds a solution to the problem.

A

Resolution or Denouement

83
Q

the narrator is one of the characters in the story. This uses pronouns: “I, me, we, mine”.

A

First-Person POV

84
Q

the narrator addresses another person or people in the story. It uses pronouns: “you, your, yours”.

A

Second-Person POV

85
Q

the narrator can see everything in the story and can refer to characters by name. It uses pronouns: “she, he, they”.

A

Third-Person POV

86
Q

This is the central binding thought or topic of the story.
This is the significant truth about life and its nature which takes place in the illustrations of the actions, preoccupations, and decisions of the characters.

A

Theme

87
Q

an account of one’s own life.

A

Autobiography

88
Q

a narrative of an episode in one’s life usually contains a certain memorable experience.

A

Memoir

89
Q

an account of someone’s life written by another person.

A

Biography

90
Q

a narrative about a certain theme, topic, or information. It can be informative or entertaining.

A

Essay

91
Q

a personal record of a person’s daily activities.

A

Diary

92
Q

log of events that happen to a person or group.

A

Journal

93
Q

It is composed of a different set of elements.
It follows rhyming, rhythm, and meter.
It makes use of figurative language, symbolism, and other literary devices.
“Poetry is a genre that requires aesthetic of sensation.” - Ophelia Dimalanta

A

POETRY

94
Q

It is a poem that describes important details in the order of events whether real or imaginary.
It tells a story in a richly imaginative and rhythmical language.

A

Narrative Poetry

95
Q

a narrative poem about the heroic deeds of a person with extraordinary abilities.

A

Epic

96
Q

deals with any emotion or phrase of life and its story is told in a simple, straightforward, and realistic manner.

A

Metrical Tale

97
Q

a long rambling love story in verse, predominates romantic love, and chivalry, popularized during the Middle Age.

A

Metrical Romance

98
Q

is a short narrative poem intended to be sung. These are songs that are usually accompanied by dances and whose authors are typically unknown.

A

Ballad

99
Q

It refers to any short poem which that is songlike (Saymon et. al., 2004).
It expresses personal thoughts and feelings.

A

Lyric Poetry

100
Q

is a short Japanese poem consisting of 17 syllables arranged in 3 lines.

A

Haiku

101
Q

is a serious poetry that commemorates public events. It contains stanzas of same pattern of rhythm and rhyme. It expresses enthusiasm, lofty, praise of some person or thing.

A

Ode

102
Q

This is a poem that deals with life and death. It contains the author’s personal grief for a loved one or a meditation on death.

A

Elegy

103
Q

It is a poem that deals with love and is distinguished by its exact form - 14 iambic pentameter lines.

A

Sonnet

104
Q

It tells stories like narrative poetry but is usually in the form of dialogues in plays with rhymes, repeating rhythms, and other poetic elements.

A

Dramatic Poetry

105
Q

one of the most famous English playwrights.

A

William Shakespeare

106
Q

It is a literary genre that can use both prose and poetry.
It differs through the use of dialogues.
It is intended to be performed on stage or in motion pictures.
Characters are now referred to as ‘actors’.

A

DRAMA

107
Q

This is a very popular drama game and a useful technique which can be developed easily towards improvisation or physical theatre. It’s also highly accessible and great fun!

A

10-SECOND OBJECT

108
Q

The plot leads to a tragic ending. It is a type of drama where the chief character undergoes a morally significant struggle that ends disastrously.

A

Tragedy

109
Q

This is sometimes called ‘Period Drama’. It showcases stories that took place in a significant time in history.

A

Historical

110
Q

A strong emotion is present in this drama.

A

Melodrama

111
Q

This refers to the use of singing and dancing during the execution of the drama.

A

Musical

112
Q

It is a type of drama that aims to amuse and ends happily. It represents incongruous aspects of human speech, character, and conduct as they are displayed in social life.

A

Comedy

113
Q

This added the use of computers or digital devices as another method of producing literary works while adhering to the principles of pre-existing genres.
It has a quality of being interactive through its hyperlink function.

A

Electronic Literature

114
Q

A fiction that utilizes different links that provide a new context for nonlinearity and interaction between the text and reader.

A

HYPERTEXT FICTION

115
Q

A video game or popularly known as Role Playing Game (RPG).

A

INTERACTIVE FICTION

116
Q

It utilizes different links in order for the readers to understand the words in the poem.

A

HYPERTEXT POETRY

117
Q

It creates a platform for poets to collaborate in creating a poem.

A

INTERACTIVE POETRY

118
Q

Poems created from the programming language.

A

CODE POETRY

119
Q

Poetry that uses words in the lines and stanzas to form images.

A

VISUAL OR CONCRETE POETRY

120
Q

This is a type of literature that makes use of images and words in order to create a literary work.
It is also bound to create a sequential way of narrating a story through the use of different images.

A

Graphic Literature

121
Q

It is a graphic novel or comic that originated in Japan.

A

JAPANESE MANGA

122
Q

It is a book that combines images, illustrations, and words to create a story, different from comic strips.

A

GRAPHIC NOVEL

123
Q

It is shorter than a comic and usually being published in a periodical. It has humor and wit that aims to both entertain and inform.

A

COMIC STRIP

124
Q

A truncation of “weblog”
A genre of electronic literature that contains discussion on any topics commonly sponsored by a website host or informational website published on the World Wide Web (internet).

A

BLOG

125
Q

Literature about empowering women and showcasing the nature of women in both their strength and delicacy.

A

CHICK LIT

126
Q

Literature that deals with topics that could have the possibility of turning into reality.
“It is a wide range of genres that speculate about worlds different from what we regard as real” (Pantoja - Hidalgo, 2008).
Subgenres include sci-fi, urban fantasy fiction, utopian/dystopian fiction, etc.

A

SPECULATIVE FICTION

127
Q

Literature also called prose - poetry which is a hybrid genre that consists of one part poetry, and one part narrative.

A

FLASH FICTION

128
Q

Literature that is intended to dwell in the life of the LGBT people.

A

LGBT THEMED LITERATURE

129
Q

“Prinsipe ng Makatang
Tagalog”
He is widely considered one
of the greatest Filipino
literary laureates for his
impact on Filipino literature.

A

FRANSISCO BALAGTAS

130
Q

He is a Hiligaynon poet,
essayist, short story writer,
critic, grammarian, editor,
lexicographer, lawyer by
profession, and novelist.

A

RAMON MUZONES

131
Q

He wrote using the pen name
“Quijano de Manila”.
He is best known for his
short stories and novels in the
English language.

A

NICK JOAQUIN

132
Q

He was a playwright,
thespian, poet, teacher, critic,
and translator
He was awarded as National
Artist for Theater and
Literature in 1997

A

ROLANDO S. TINIO

133
Q

He pioneered the
development of the short
story as a lyrical prosepoetic form.

A

FRANCISCO ARCELLANA

134
Q

Master of Comma Poet
Finest contemporary
poet

A

JOSE GARCIA VILLA

135
Q

An ophthalmologist by
profession.
He became a writer and a key
member of the Filipino
Propaganda Movement.

A

JOSE P. RIZAL

136
Q

He wrote more than 4,000
songs
He made it to the Guinness
Book of World Records as
the only person able to make
music using just a leaf

A

LEVI CELERIO

137
Q

He was a publisher, lecturer
on cultural issues, and the
founder of the international
organization PEN(Poets,
Playwrights, Editors,
Essayists, Novelists)”

A

F. SIONIL JOSE

138
Q

He is a poet, fictionist,
and essayist
He was proclaimed as
National Artist by
Benigno Aquino III

A

Cirilo Francisco Bautista

139
Q

He was better known as a fictionist,
essayist, poet, and teacher,
articulated the Filipino spirit
in rural, urban landscapes.

A

N.V.M. GONZALES

140
Q

NCCA

A

National Commission for Culture and the Arts

141
Q

CCP

A

Cultural Center of the Philippines

2nd day g12 (5 decks)

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