2.11 Flashcards
Forced and Voluntary Migration
Voluntary Migration
People migrate due to their own choices
Involuntary (Forced) Migration
People relocate due to fears of violence or survival
Transitional
Ties to Mother country
Remittances
Money sent back to migrants’ country of origin-major economic flow
Internal
Within a country’s borders (Much more common)
Distance Decay
The further apart two places are, the less likely it is that people will migrate between those two places
Transhumance
Traditional migration of nomadic herders
- Move livestock to different location depending on time of year and availability food
Location: Europe & Africa
Chain
Moving where family members, friends, or community members are located who have previously migrated
Step
When migrants reach their eventual destination through a series of smaller movements
- Causes: Intervening opportunities and obstacles
Ex: Migration from a rural area to a city, then a larger city, then finally to a metropolis
Rural to Urban
Most typical kind of migration trend since 2000, up to 55% of people live in urban areas today
Guest worker
Migrants who travel internationally in order to find work as temporary laborers
Refugees
Recognized as migrants who forcibly had to relocate and has a legal status from the UN or a country
Asylum seekers
Trying to prove they are refugees but don’t yet have refugee status
Enslaved people
Historical: Atlantic slave trade
-16th-19th centuries
-10-12 million people taken from Africa
Modern Day: The United Nations estimates that about 28 million people are enslaved today.
- Oftentimes referred to as human trafficking
Internally displaced people (IDPs)
Have been forced to flee their homes by conflict, violence, persecution or disasters and remain in their own country
