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EDEXCEL ELIZABETH > 2.1 Plots and revolts at home > Flashcards

2.1 Plots and revolts at home Flashcards

1
Q

Revolt of the Northern earls- CAUSES (4)

A
  • Earls and followers wanted Catholicism restored in England (the north was more catholic)
  • Earls had lost a lot of influence at COURT since liz became queen
  • Liz refused to marry or name an heir (uncertainty)
  • MQoS , in captivity in England, was a figurehead who could potentially replace liz and resolve their probs
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2
Q

Revolt of the Northern Earls

A

1569

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3
Q

James Pilkington

A
  • appointed as ARCHBISHOP OF DURHAM in 1561
  • liz didn’t want to persecute catholics, but wanted their religion to die out
  • hoped to lessen catholic influence in the north
  • but was v unpopular
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4
Q

role of politics in causes

A
  • under Mary, earls of NORTHUMBERLAND and WESTMORLAND had been v influential
  • Northumberland resented the Forsters
  • Liz favoured sir JOHN FORSTER and gave him the task of looking after borders in Scotland
    -northumberland felt undermined
  • William Cecil and Dudley weren’t from ancient noble families, but were close to the queen so were hated
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5
Q

problem of no heir

A
  • if liz were to die before she declared an heir, England could be thrown into confusion; possible even a civil war?
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6
Q

how did the revolt of the northern earls start

A
  • wider court conspiracy for MARY to marry DUKE OF NORFOLK
  • but Norfolk was PROTESTANT so heir might be protestant anyway
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7
Q

who told liz about the plot

A

Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester

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8
Q

KEY EVENTS

A
  • norfolk arrested
  • northumberland and Westmoreland more annoyed, took control of durham cathedral and PERFORMED FULL MASS
  • rebels turned south, bearing banners with religious symbols and Mary moved to coventry so she wouldn’t escape
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9
Q

failure of NORTHERN EARLS

A
  • Spain supporting troops never arrived
  • revolt crushed
  • 450 rebels executed (deterrent)
  • Westmoreland escaped but Northumberland captured and executed
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10
Q

Elizabeth actions to Norfolk and Mary after ROTNE

A
  • hesitated
  • Scots had overthrown their rightful anointed monarch and if she executed liz it would imply she agreed with that
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11
Q

Papal bull

A
  • 1570
  • excommunicated Elizabeth and called on all loyal catholics to depose her (encouraging more rebellion)
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12
Q

treason law as a result of papal bull

A
  • 1571
  • widened definition of treason; illegal to claim liz was a heretic, not the queen, and illegal to bring in or print papal bulls in England
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13
Q

significance of ROTNE (5)

A
  • first and most serious Catholic rebel act against liz
  • treason laws harsher and definition widened
  • ended power and influence of Percy and neville fam in north england
  • harsher treatment of catholics (eg council of the north)
  • papal bull; catholics forced to choose; doubt over their loyalty
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14
Q

council of the north

A
  • 1572
  • as a result of ROTNE
  • used to implement liz’s law and authority in the north (far from London)
  • north was often unstable and under threat from scotland
  • implemented laws against catholics and effectively suppressed it
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15
Q

ridolfi plot background

A

1571
- Roberto ridolfi (one of pope’s spies)
-plot to murder Liz, spanish invasion, put Mary on the throne (married to Norfolk)

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16
Q

ridolfi plot occurence

A
  • 1571 ridolfi discussed the plot with the POPE, Philip II and ALBA
  • he had a letter signed by Norfolk saying he was catholic and would lead the rebellion is supported by Philip
  • Phillip told alba to prepare 10k men
17
Q

ridolfi plot catching

A

WILLIAM CECIL UNCOVERED
High treason
parliament demanded execution of Norfolk and Mary in 1572, Norfolk executed but Mary not

18
Q

ridolfi significance

A
  • reinforced threat by Mary and catholics, at home and abroad
    -reinforced SPANIh threat
  • so liz focused on improving relations with France
19
Q

priests and priest holes

A
  • to strengthen catholicism and resistance, priests were smuggled into England from 1574
  • travelled undercoverr, staying with wealthy families, celebrating mass and hearing confessions
    -HIGHLY DANGEROUS; government agents kept catholics under surveillance.
  • suspected homes raided, and priests HUNG DRAWN AND QUARTERED
20
Q

new laws against catholics

A

1581
- recusants fined £20
- attempting to convert people to catholic was TREASON

21
Q

throckmorton plot plan

A

1583
- FRENCH Duke of guise to invade England, free Mary, overthrow liz and restore Catholicism
- with financial support from Phillip

22
Q

throckmorton plot caught

A
  • Walsingham
    -throckmorton executed 1584
23
Q

throckmorton significance

A
  • emphasised catholic threat
    -potential threat if Spain and France combine
    -T’s papers had a list of catholic sympathisers in England ; the threat was real
    -harsher for catholics, many fled, up to 11k imprisoned, house arrest or surveillance.
24
Q

catholic law after throckmorton

A

1585
helping or sheltering catholic priests punishable by death

25
Q

Babington plot plan

A
  • ## murder Liz, Duke of guise invades and put Mary on the throne. pope and Phillip support
26
Q

babington caught

A
  • B was sending letters to MQoS
    -letters intercepted and read by walsingham
    -once he had sufficient deets, all arrested
27
Q

Mary execution

A
  • October 1586, tried by privy council
  • 8 feb 1587, executed
28
Q

babington significance

A
  • bad England Spain relations
  • government determined to crush catholicism , mass arrests of recusants
  • end of hope of replacing liz with a catholic heir
29
Q

act for the preservation of the queens safety

A

1585
-in event of liz assassination, Mary barred from succession
-any action only taken once a trial and found guilty

30
Q

reasons for assassination of Mary

A
  • act for the preservation of the queen’s safetyy (1585)
  • evident that Phillip was planning a big attack against England. jan 1587,RUMOUR of spanish troops landed in Wales and Mary escaped. reinforced continuous threat of Mary
31
Q

significance of Mary’s death

A
  • removed an important threat to liz
  • Phillip had been planning to invade England since 1585, execution gave him another reason to remove liz. AND Mary left her claim to Phillip
32
Q

walsingham

A

Secretary of State, 1573
developed spy network

33
Q

spy network

A
  1. range of spies and informants in every country and town. some specially trained, many just ordinary people; people turned into spies against their neighbours. by 1580, also agents abroad, and used CIPHERS to hide his plans
  2. arrested priests were other informants. eg John hart.
  3. AGENTS PROVOCATEURS
  4. didn’t approve of torture to minimise sympathy for the priests

EDEXCEL ELIZABETH (2 decks)

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