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Biochemistry > 20 Standard Amino Acids > Flashcards

20 Standard Amino Acids Flashcards

1
Q
A

Glycine (Gly) (G)

  • Nonpolar R-group
  • Component of gelatin
  • First amino acid to be identified in protein hydrolyzates
  • Neurotransmitter
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2
Q
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Alanine (Ala) (A)

  • Nonpolar R-group
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3
Q
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Valine (Val) (V)

  • Nonpolar R-group
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4
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Leucine (Leu) (L)

  • Nonpolar R-group
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5
Q
A

Isoleucine (Ile) (I)

  • Nonpolar R-group
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6
Q
A

Methionine (Met) (M)

  • Nonpolar R-group
  • Thiol ether side group
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7
Q
A

Proline (Pro) (P)

  • Nonpolar R-group
  • Cyclic 2° amino acid
  • Pyrrolidine side group
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8
Q
A

Phenylalanine (Phe) (F)

  • Nonpolar R-group
  • Phenyl side group (aromatic; bulky)
  • Accounts for most of UV absorbance & fluorescence exhibited by proteins (along with tryptophan & tyrosine)
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9
Q
A

Tryptophan (Trp) (W)

  • Nonpolar R-group
  • Indole side group (aromatic; bulky)
  • Accounts for most of UV absorbance & fluorescence exhibited by proteins (along with phenylalanine & tyrosine)
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10
Q
A

Serine (Ser) (S)

  • Uncharged polar R-group
  • Hydroxylic side group
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11
Q
A

Threonine (Thr) (T)

  • Uncharged polar R-group
  • Hydroxylic side group
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12
Q
A

Asparagine (Asn) (N)
Asparagine or Aspartic Acid (Asx) (B)

  • Uncharged polar R-group
  • Amide group
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13
Q
A

Glutamine (Gln) (Q)
Glutamine of Glutamic Acid (Glx) (Z)

  • Uncharged polar R-group
  • Amide group
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14
Q
A

Tyrosine (Tyr) (Y)

  • Uncharged polar R-group
  • Phenolic group
  • Accounts for most of UV absorbance & fluorescence exhibited by proteins (along with phenylalanine & tryptophan)
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15
Q
A

Cysteine (Cys) (C)

  • Uncharged polar R-group
  • Thiol group forms disulfide bonds with other cysteine residues to form cystine.
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16
Q
A

Lysine (Lys) (K)

  • Charged polar R-group
  • Butylammonium R-group
17
Q
A

Arginine (Arg) (R)

  • Charged polar R-group
  • Guanidino group
18
Q
A

Histidine (His) (H)

  • Charged polar R-group
  • Imidazolium moiety
  • Only amino acid to ionize at physiological pH
  • R-group often participates in the catalytic RXNs of enzymes
19
Q
A

Aspartic Acid (Asp) (D)
Aspartic Acid or Asparagine (Asx) (B)

  • Charged polar R-group
20
Q
A

Glutamic Acid (Glu) (E)
Glutamic Acid or Glutamine (Glx) (Z)

  • Charged polar R-group

Biochemistry (1 decks)

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