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Nayla Foundations > 2-Eyelids and anterior segment > Flashcards

2-Eyelids and anterior segment Flashcards

1
Q

What are the best treatments for allergic conjunctivitis

A

cold compress, antihistamine drops, oral antihistamines

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2
Q

What is blepharitis

A

chronic, intermittent inflammation of eyelids

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3
Q

What are possible causes of blepharitis

A

anterior: infectious (S. Aureus) or seborrheic
posterior: meibomian gland dysfunction

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4
Q

How does blepharitis present clinically

A 
red eyes
gritty FB sensation
burning sensation
tearing 
crusty lashes
photophobia
\+/- blurry vision
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5
Q

What will you see on blepharitis PE

A 
diffuse conjunctival injection 
inflamed red eyelid margins 
Crusting or matting of lashes 
plugged glands 
collarettes
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6
Q

How do you treat blepharitis

A

warm compress, lid massage/hygiene
topical Abx (erythromycin)
oral Abx

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7
Q

What are the types of blepharitis

A

chalazion
hordeolum
stye

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8
Q

What is periorbital cellulitis

A

infection of soft tissue around eye (more common)

does NOT extend into orbit or globe

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9
Q

What causes periorbital cellulitis

A 
external sources (blepharitis, insect bites, FB)
sometimes sinusitis
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10
Q

How does periorbital cellulitis present

A

eye pain, swelling, and erythema

NO fever, vision change, pain with eye movement

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11
Q

What is absent on PE for periorbital cellulitis

A

No proptosis

No ophthalmoplegia

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12
Q

How should you work periorbital cellulitis up if you are unsure what it is

A

Treat like orbital cellulitis!

CBC, cultures, discharge culture, CT orbit/sinus

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13
Q

How do you treat periorbital cellulitis

A

outpatient; empiric Abx (cover S. aureus, S. pneumo, MRSA

Suspected MRSA: oral Bactrim PLUS Amoxicillin and/or cefdinir, and/or cefpodoxime

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14
Q

What is orbital cellulitis

A

infection of fat and muscle surrounding globe

does NOT involve globe

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15
Q

What usually causes orbital cellulitis

A

extension of infection from paranasal sinuses (ethmoid)

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16
Q

How does orbital cellulitis present

A 
eye pain
eyelid swelling/erythema
*vision changes
*fever
*pain with eye movement
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17
Q

What will you see on orbital cellulitis PE

A

proptosis
ophthalmoplegia
conjunctivitis
+/- discharge

18
Q

How do you work up orbital cellulitis

A

CBC
cultures
discharge cultures
CT orbit/sinuses

19
Q

How do you treat orbital cellulitis

A

hospitalize! consult ophtho
Immediate IV broad spectrum abx (vanco+ceftriaxone) until cultures come back
surgical drainage if abscess forms

20
Q

Why do you start IC abx in orbital cellulitis

A

to prevent optic nerve damage

prevent infection spread to cavernous sinus, meninges, and brain

21
Q

Where is the macula located in respect to the optic disc

A

macula is temporal to the optic disc

22
Q

What is conjunctivitis

A

inflammation of conjunctiva (white) most commonly due to viral infection
(can also be caused by bacteria, allergies, chemical)

23
Q

How do you transmit conjunctivitis

A

direct contact

24
Q

What is the most common cause of viral conjunctivitis

A

Adenovirus

25
Q

What are signs and symptoms of viral conjunctivitis

A

pharyngitis, fever, malaise, watery Dx, periauricular adenopathy

26
Q

How do you treat viral conjunctivitis

A

cold compress for discomfort

27
Q

What organisms commonly cause bacterial conjunctivitis

A

S. pneumo
H. influenza
Pseudomonas

28
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis

A

copious discharge

eyes matted shut in morning

29
Q

How do you treat bacterial conjunctivitis

A 
erythromycin ointment 
fluoroquinolone drops (-floxacin)
30
Q

How does allergic conjunctivitis present

A

bilaterally (seasonal)

itchy, conjunctival erythema and chemises (swelling)

31
Q

How do you treat allergic conjunctivitis

A

cold compress
oral antihistamine
drops

32
Q

What is Dacryocystitis

A

infection of lacrimal sac secondary to nasolacrimal duct obstruction
more common in children

33
Q

How do you treat Dacryocystitis

A 
aggressive abx (clindamycin, IV vanco) 
surgery (NLD probing)
34
Q

What is Entropion

A

inward turning of eyelids (especially lower lid) occurring with lid tissue degeneration that comes with AGE
(can also be childhood facial structure)

35
Q

Why must you treat entropion with lubrication

A

to prevent lashes from rubbing surface of the eye

36
Q

What is Ectropion

A

outward turning of eyelids (lower) due to lid degeneration that comes with AGE

37
Q

How do you treat ectropion

A

surgery, if excess tearing or exposure keratitis occur

38
Q

What is a pingueculum

A

yellow, elevated nodule (usually on nasal side) common in 35+ y/o
Rarely grow or require treatment

39
Q

What is a pterygium

A

fleshy, triangular growth of conjunctiva that can spread and compromise cornea and visual axis

40
Q

What causes pterygium

A

wind, sun, dust exposure

41
Q

How do you treat pterygium

A

artificial tears
anti-inflammatory
excision (if severe)

Nayla Foundations (18 decks)

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