2. classification

Question 1

why classify organisms?

Answer 1

to better understand relationships between organisms
to analyse information about organisms
to provide a worldwide basis for scientific communication

Question 2

what characteristics is classification based on

Answer 2

physical characteristics
reproductive methods
molecular sequences (new and very efficient)

Question 3

levels of classification mneumonic

Answer 3

Did King Phillip Come Over For Green Soup

Question 4

levels of classification

Answer 4

Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Question 5

Domain Eukarya

Answer 5

DNA in a nucleus
membrane bound organelles

Question 6

Domains Archaea and Bacteria

Answer 6

have no nucleus
no membrane bound organelles

Question 7

Kingdoms of Eukarya

Answer 7

Animalia, Plantae, Funghi and Protista

Question 8

biological species concept

Answer 8

the idea that two organisms of the same species can successfully produce viable offspring

Question 9

biological species concept limitations

Answer 9

There will always be exceptions (mules, grolars)
Cannot be determined if fossilised organisms were fertile
No way to observe all animals to see if they reproduced

Question 10

morphological species concept

Answer 10

organisms in the same species will look similar

Question 11

phylogenetic species concept

Answer 11

organisms in the same species will be very close evolutionarily

Question 12

ecological species concept

Answer 12

organisms that occupy the same niche/live in a similar way are more likely to be in the same species

Question 13

LUCA

Answer 13

last universal common ancestor
all life on earth is said to be related to this organism

Question 14

define phylogeny

Answer 14

the evolutionary history and relationships of an organism

Question 15

define cladistics

Answer 15

a type of classification that hypothesises evolutionary relationships between organisms

Question 16

phylogenetic tree

Answer 16

a diagram which shows the phylogenetic history of organisms with respect to the geological time scale, many branches

Question 17

cladogram

Answer 17

a diagram which shows the relationship between different organisms based on their different similarities

Question 18

clade

Answer 18

a group of organisms that are monophyletic (composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants)

Question 19

homologous structure

Answer 19

a structure found in different organisms because they had a common ancestor

Question 20

analogous structure

Answer 20

features of different species that are similar in function but not necessarily in structure and which do not derive from a common ancestral feature

Question 21

main features used to classify animals specifically

Answer 21

presence of body segments, the type of body symmetry, the structure of body systems, reproductive mathods and processes