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BIOLOGY PAPER 1 > 2: cells and control > Flashcards

2: cells and control Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is differentiation?

A

when a cell changes to become specialised for its function

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2
Q

what is mitosis?

A

the division of cells to create two genetically identical daughter cells

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3
Q

what is mitosis used for?

A

growth and repair of cells

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4
Q

stages of mitosis?

A

ISLA PLEASE MOVE AND TALK CALMLY
interphase
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
cytokinesis

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5
Q

what happens during prophase?

A

nucleus breaks down
spindle fibres form

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6
Q

what happens during metaphase?

A

the chromosomes line up at the centre of the cell

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7
Q

what happens during anaphase?

A

spindle fibres pull the chromosomes to opposite ends of the cell

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8
Q

what happens during telophase?

A

cell membrane is formed around chromosomes

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9
Q

what happens during cytokinesis?

A

the cells have divided and cell walls form

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10
Q

how is cancer caused?

A

uncontrolled cell division

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11
Q

what type of cell is a stem cell?

A

an undifferentiated cell

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12
Q

what do meristem do?

A

produce unspecialised cells in plants

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13
Q

what is the nervous system?

A

lets you react to what goes on around you

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14
Q

what is the nervous system made up of?

A

neurones that goes to all parts of the body

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15
Q

what is a sensory receptor?

A

a group of cells that can detect a change in your environment

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16
Q

example of receptors?

A

eyes - detect light

skin/fingertips - detect touch or temperature change

17
Q

what does the nervous system do?

A

coordinates the response to a change

18
Q

what do impulses travel through the CNS?

A

through relay neurones

19
Q

what does the CNS send information to?

A

an effector

20
Q

effector example?

A

muscle

21
Q

what does an effector do?

A

responds to the information accordingly

22
Q

what is reaction time?

A

the time it takes you to respond to a stimulus

23
Q

what is the connection between two neurones called?

A

synapse

24
Q

what chemicals is the nerve signal transferred by?

A

neurotransmitters

25
Q

what is a reflex?

A

automatic, rapid responses to stimuli

26
Q

what is meiosis?

A

a type of cell division
produces 4 non-identical daughter cells

27
Q

what is meiosis for?

A

increase genetic variation

BIOLOGY PAPER 1 (5 decks)

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