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Astronomy 9 > 180s Quiz: Probes, Planets, Moons, and Minor Bodies > Flashcards

180s Quiz: Probes, Planets, Moons, and Minor Bodies Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: Triton is one of Neptune’s moons

A

T

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2
Q

Name three of Saturn’s moons

A

Victoria, Hyperion, Titan, Rhea, Phoebe…

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3
Q

T/F: Jupiter has the most moons in our solar system

A

F: Saturn does

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4
Q

Where does the word ‘Planet’ originate and what did it mean?

A

Greek for wanderer

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5
Q

What is and how much is an AU?

A

Astronomical Unit: distance bw the Earth and Sun

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6
Q

How do you think Pluto was created? Consider: its orbital path, plane of rotation, and its moon Charon

A

2 like sized minor bodies collided (probably in the Kuiper belt) to form a binary system (Pluto + Charon). This knocked Pluto onto its side and close enough to be pulled occasionally into Neptune’s orbit

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7
Q

Used to be a planet

A

Pluto, Ceres, Eris…

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8
Q

Farthest planet from the Sun

A

Neptune

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9
Q

Third most massive

A

Neptune

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10
Q

Has a surface temp ranging from -180C to 400C

A

Mercury: bc it has no atmosphere to disperse heat and is in the proximity of the Sun

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11
Q

Has over 100 rings

A

Saturn (over 100 ringlets, 6 main ones)

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12
Q

Planet w atmosphere that contains oxygen

A

Earth

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13
Q

Planet w greenhouse gas effect causing thick atmosphere

A

Venus

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14
Q

Why is Venus so hot? 😉(2)

A

No oceans to regulate temp and absorb gases

Greenhouse gas effect (thick CO2)

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15
Q

Why does Mars appear red?

A

It’s earth is reddish, due to rust

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16
Q

Which of Jupiter’s moons is cracking?

A

Europa: its salty ocean beneath the thin layer of ice is cracking due to its proximity to Jupiter, whose massive magnetic field is affecting it

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17
Q

Which of Jupiter’s moons has the greatest gravitational gradient?

A

Io: closest to Jupiter and is being pulled on in some parts by the gas giant = heat

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18
Q

Which of Jupiter’s moons takes the shortest time to orbit?

A

Io: the closest

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19
Q

Which of Jupiter’s moons takes the longest to orbit?

A

Callisto: farthest

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20
Q

Which of Mars’ moons will crash into the planet?

A

Phobos: it orbits Mars faster than Mars rotates, affecting tidal force

It may or may not crash; instead, it could be pulled apart by Mars’ gravity when close enough (?)

The bread is crashing

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21
Q

Name of Earth’s moon?

A

Luna

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22
Q

Name 3 dwarf planets

A

Pluto, Ceres, Eris, Makemake (Easter Bunny), Haumea (Santa Claus)

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23
Q

Which planet’s moons are named after Alexander Pope and Shakespearean characters?

A

Uranus

Miranda, Puck, Titania, Oberon, etc.

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24
Q

T/F: Saturn has a 9h 50m day

A

F: Jupiter does

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25
Q

T/F: Uranus has a 17h day

A

T

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26
Q

T/F: Neptune has a 16h day

A

T

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27
Q

Which planet has the shortest year?

A

Mercury

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28
Q

Which planet has the longest year?

A

Neptune

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29
Q

Which planet has the shortest day?:

A

Jupiter

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30
Q

Which planet has the longest day?

A

Venus

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31
Q

Will a terrestrial or gas planet have a longer year?

A

A gas giant

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32
Q

Will a terrestrial or gas planet have a longer day?

A

Terrestrial

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33
Q

Which planet rotates on its side?

A

Uranus

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34
Q

Which LARGE space probe was the last to leave Earth? Why?

A

Cassini: large space probes contain much more equipment. They were more expensive and instruments on-board frequently broke

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35
Q

Where do we crash space probes that have completed their missions?

A

On their planets: to not terraform or affect potential life on moons

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36
Q

Path Finder

A

Mars

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37
Q

Vikings

A

Mars, 1970s, tasked w finding life

Red beard

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38
Q

Galileo space probe

A

Jupiter, 1980s/90s. Orbited and crashed three space probes within to observe conditions

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39
Q

Why don’t space probes land on Venus?

A

They’ll melt

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40
Q

Voyagers

A

Have left the heliosphere, where there is no solar wind. I and II are periodically turned off to conserve their dying batteries

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41
Q

What do the Voyagers use as energy?

A

Nuclear reactors

42
Q

What do the voyagers carry on board that Stephen Hawking warned against?

A

The Golden Record

Contains the Vitruvian man, music, life, etc. from earth

43
Q

SOHO

A

Studies the structure of the sun and its weather

Stands for Solar and Heliospheric Observatory

44
Q

What is solar wind?

A

Constant gas flow of charges charged particles; plasma from the Sun

Protects the objects from galactic radiation

Makes up the hemisphere

45
Q

Arrange the planets in order from the Sun

A

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

46
Q

Arrange the planets largest to smallest

A

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Earth, Venus, Mars, Mercury

47
Q

What is the shape of the planets’ orbit?

A

Ellipse

48
Q

Name Mars’ two moons

A

Phobos and Deimos

49
Q

Name three of Pluto’s moons

A

Charon, Styx, Nix, Hydra, Kerberos…

50
Q

How many moons does Pluto have?

A

6

51
Q

How many moons does Jupiter have?

A

Over 60

52
Q

How many moons does Saturn have?

A

Over 100 moons, but not all are known/confirmed(?)

53
Q

2nd smallest planet

A

Mars

54
Q

2nd largest planet

A

Saturn

55
Q

Smallest planet

A

Mercury

56
Q

5th smallest planet

A

Uranus

57
Q

Oort Belt

A

In the Outer Solar System

Asteroids, most comets, and other minor bodies. Very large

58
Q

Asteroid Belt

A

Between Mars and Jupiter

Asteroids here did not form planets here because once they were large enough, Jupiter’s gravity pulled them into itself.

59
Q

Kuiper Belt

A

Between Neptune and including Pluto

60
Q

SOHO

A

Solar and Heliospheric Observatory

Sent to study the structure of the Sun, monitor its weather, and to discover comets

61
Q

James Webb

A

A “replacement” of the Hubble. Looks into deep space

62
Q

Hubble

A

Has eye glasses

Looks at deep space

63
Q

Which spacecraft/space probe looks for earth-sized exoplanets in their Goldilocks zone? Why?

A

Kepler

To see if our solar system is ubiquitous

64
Q

Kepler Space Probe

A

Trails Earth, back towards the Sun

65
Q

Name a space probe which has orbited Pluto

A

New Horizons

66
Q

Why don’t Venus and Mercury have any moons?

A

Any captured objects would not enter a steady orbit because of the Sun’s gravitational pull

67
Q

Name a moon with retrograde motion

A

Triton

68
Q

What is the composition of an asteroid?

A

Rocky and metallic

69
Q

T/F: Water can never be present in a meteor

A

F

70
Q

T/F: Meteors will NOT rust in outer space

A

T

71
Q

Why do meteors explode?

A

The water present boils while entering the atmosphere; gas enclosed within will be forced out, “blowing it’s top off”

72
Q

Alternate name of: Venus

A

Morning/Evening star

Earth’s sister planet

73
Q

Alt. Name of: Meteor

A

Shooting star

74
Q

Name three meteor showers

A

Quadrantids, Eta Aquirids, Lyrids, Draconids, Taurids…

75
Q

Give an eg of a meteorite

A

The Allende meteorite

76
Q

Orbital path of a comet

A

Around the sun

77
Q

Temperature range of Mercury

A

-180C to 400C

78
Q

Why is Mercury’s rotation so slow?

A

Because of its size

79
Q

Why does Mercury and Mars barely have an atmosphere?

A

Because of their small gravities and size

80
Q

T/F: there is life on Mars

A

We put it there…

81
Q

Atmosphere of the gas giants generally contain:

A

Hydrogen, helium, nitrogen and methane

82
Q

Which planet(s) have an atmosphere containing oxygen?

A

Earth

83
Q

Space Probes to Venus

A

Cassini (ish), Mariner 10, Pioneers, Magellan

84
Q

Avg. Temperature of Venus

A

~450C

85
Q

Why does Jupiter bulge at the equator?

A

It’s massive size causes it to rotate exceptionally quickly. It rotates faster at the poles than at the equator

86
Q

T/F: the Great Red Spot is growing every day

A

F: it’s diminishing in size

87
Q

Which Planet contains the Great Dark Spot?

A

Neptune

88
Q

Number of Neptune’s moons

A

13

89
Q

T/F: Uranus has 13 moons

A

T??

90
Q

What determines the brightness of a planet?

A

Size, percent of light reflected (atmosphere) distance from the Sun

91
Q

T/F: Saturn was visited by Cassini, Voyagers, and the Path Finders

A

F: the Path Finder went to Mars

92
Q

Why does a comet’s tail always point away from the Sun?

A

The comet’s ion (smaller) tail is lit up by a reaction between ions (coming from the melting, charged particles of gas from the nucleus) and solar wind. It is also pushed in whichever direction by solar wind

93
Q

A comet’s dust tail

A

Dust, from a melting comet’s nucleus, which reflects yellow or white light from the Sun. Broader than an ion tail, therefore less accurate in its turning away from the Sun

94
Q

How many d/a does Neptune take to orbit the Sun?

A

164a

95
Q

T/F: Uranus takes 84d to orbit the Sun

A

F: 84a

96
Q

T/F: a gas planet has a longer year than a terrestrial planet

A

T

97
Q

What determines the time it takes for a planet to rotate?

A

SiZe

98
Q

What is a planet?

A

A body orbiting the Sun, which has cleared other objects of its orbital path and has a great enough gravity to be round.

99
Q

Moon?

A

A satellite orbiting a planet

100
Q

Solar system?

A

All objects that orbit the Sun and the Sun’s objects

Astronomy 9 (2 decks)

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