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AP Lecture Winter > 17.1 > Flashcards

17.1 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 8 functions of blood

A 
delivery of oxygen and nutrients
transport of metabolic wastes
transport of hormones
maintaining body temp
maintaining pH
maintaining fluid balance
preventing blood loss
preventing infection
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2
Q

what are the 3 layers of blood after it is centrifuged

A

erythrocytes, buffy coat, plasma

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3
Q

what is a hematocrit

A

percentage of erythrocytes in whole blood

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4
Q

what is the pH of blood

A

7.35-7.45

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5
Q

what is normal blood volume in males and females

A

5-6L

4-5L

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6
Q

how long do platelets last, rbcs, and wbc

A

few days, 3 months, 6 months

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7
Q

what is the function of rbcs

A

transport respiratory gases in the blood on hemoglobin

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8
Q

what is the normal range for hemoglobin in the blood

A

13-18g/100mL

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9
Q

what does hemoglobin consist of

A

globin proteins - in alpha or beta chains

heme groups that have iron attached that serves as a binding site for oxygen

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10
Q

what are the terms for when oxygen is attached or not attached to hemoglobin as well as when CO2 is attached to hemoglobin

A

oxyhemoglobin
deoxyhemoglobin
carbaminohemoglobin

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11
Q

what is hematopoiesis

A

blood cell formation that occurs in the red bone marrow

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12
Q

what is erthropoeisis

A

formation of erythrocytes

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13
Q

what are reticulocytes

A

immature erythrocyres

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14
Q

what do high levels of reticulocytes indicate

A

high rbc turnover therefore something must have happened to cause that fluctuation

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15
Q

what is the function of erythropoietin

A

controls rbc production by the kidneys

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16
Q

what triggers the production of erythropoietin?

A

triggered by the loss of red blood cells, insufficient hemoglobin or reduced availability of oxygen

17
Q

what are the life-span of blood cells

A

100-120 days due to lack of nuclei and orangelles

18
Q

what gets ride of dead or dying blood cells

A

macrophages which break it down into amino acids, iron, and heme

19
Q

what is anemia

A

deficiency in rbcs

due to blood loss, not enough rbc production, to many rbcs being destroyed

20
Q

what is polycythemia

A

excess rbcs

could be due to oxygen deficiency or disease or blood doping

21
Q

what is the percentage of total wbcs in the blood

A

1%

22
Q

what is diapedesis

A

movement of white blood cells into the tissues

23
Q

what is leucocytosis

A

elevated wbc count characteristic of infection

24
Q

what are granulocytes

A

main group of wbcs, are phagocytic

include - neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

25
Q

what are agranulocytes

A

lymphocytes and monocytes

26
Q

what is the percentage of neutrophils in the whole wbc count and what do they function as

A

50-70%
attracted to sites of inflammation
phagocytes

27
Q

what is the percentage of eosinophils in the whole wbc count and what do they function as

A

2-4%

attack parasitic worms and have a role in allergies

28
Q

what is the percentage of basophils in the whole wbc count and what do they function as

A

0.5-1%

release histamine to promote inflammation, associated with viral infections

29
Q

what is the percentage of lymphocytes in the whole wbc count and what do they function as

A

25%

involved in the adaptive immune response like with vaccines

30
Q

what are the differences between T lymphocytes and B Lymphocytes

A

T - directly attack virus infected and tumour cells

B - bind antigens and produce antibodies

31
Q

what is the percentage of monocytes in the whole wbc count and what do they function as

A

3-8%
become actively phagocytotic macrophages that enter tissues and activate lymphocytes
common in chronic infections and inflammatory autoimmune diseases
eat whatever is not needed in the blood

AP Lecture Winter (15 decks)

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