pharmacology

Question 1

Diloxanide furoate is broken down by hydrolysis into?

Answer 1

Diloxanide and furoic acid

Question 2

Diloxanide furoate is used in the treatment of?

Answer 2

Amoebic cysts

Question 3

Treatment of intestinal amoebiasis include

Answer 3

Metronidazole which replaced emetine and dehydroemetine

Question 4

Iodoquinol moa and Adverse effect

Answer 4

works by killing the trophozoite form of E. histolytica.
adverse effects include- thyroid enlargement,headache, diarrhoea,skin reactions ,interference with thyroid function studies.

Question 5

MOA of metronidazole

Answer 5

it works by inhibiting DNA repair
it is a prodrug that is actovated through reduction of nitoreductase present in anaerobic organisms.

Question 6

Metronidazole is used in the treatment of?

Answer 6

Drancunculiasis,Trichomoniasis,Giardiasis and all forms of amoebiasis.
only use chloroquine when metronidazole is contraindicated.

Question 7

west african trypanosomiasis caused by T brucei gambiense causes?

Answer 7

frequent cardiac failure and rapidly fatal disease that it is marked by early involvement of the CNS

Question 8

east african trypanosomiasis causes by T brucei rhodesiense

Answer 8

causes illness that is characterised by later involvemnet of the CNS and sleeping sickness

Question 9

Drugs used in the treatment of Trypanosomiasis

Answer 9

-Pentamidine-highly effective but has significant toxicity
-Suramin:inhibits parasite alpha glycerophosphate oxidase,thymidylate synthase,DHFR and protein kinase.
-Melarsoprol:is. a trivalent arsenical that is used for late stage trypanosomiasis.
Eflornithine-only effective against west african trypanosomiasis

Question 10

what drugs have tight binding to plasma proteins?

Answer 10

Suramin and Warfarin.

Question 11

Nifurtimox is used to treat

Answer 11

Chagas disease(American T.)
LATE STAGE T. brucei gambiense sleeping sickness

Question 12

Drugs used to treat leishmaniasis

Answer 12

Sodium stibogluconate

Question 13

what is Leishmanisis

Answer 13

it is a vector borne disease caused by about 20 diffierent obligate intramacrophage protozoa of the genus leishmania

Question 14

What are the major syndromes of human leishmaniasis

Answer 14

-cutaneous:self limiting, cures within 3-18months, leaves scars.
-mucocutaneous:only resolved with therapy
-diffuse cutaneous:same
-visceral(kala azar) forms:fatal unless treated

Question 15

treatment of visceral leishmaniasis

Answer 15

Miltefosine
avoid in pregnancy due to teratogenic effects