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PS1813 - 1 - Intro to Statistics > 1.6 - Collecting data and measurement > Flashcards

1.6 - Collecting data and measurement Flashcards

1
Q

What is quantitative data?

A

Any data involving numbers

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2
Q

What are variables?

A

Things that can change

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3
Q

What is an independent variable?

A

The variable that changes to cause a different outcome

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4
Q

What is another name for an independent variable?

A

Predictor variable

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5
Q

What is a dependent variable?

A

The variable that we measure. It is affected by changes in the IV

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6
Q

What is another name for a dependent variable?

A

Outcome variable

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7
Q

What are the four types of data?

A

Nominal
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio

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8
Q

What 2 data types are categoric variables?

A

Nominal

Ordinal

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9
Q

What 2 data types are continuous variables?

A

Interval

Ratio

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10
Q

What does nominal data deal with?

A

Categories

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11
Q

What does ordinal data deal with?

A

Ordered categories

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12
Q

What is discrete data?

A

Whole numbers (no decimals)

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13
Q

What is interval data?

A

Data with equal differences between points on a scale

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14
Q

What is an example of interval data?

A

Temperature. Can be positive or negative

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15
Q

What is ratio data?

A

Scale with equal differences and a true, meaningful absolute zero.

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16
Q

What is an example of ratio data?

A

Weight, height, reaction time

17
Q

Define measurement error

A

The differences between the numbers we use to represent what we’re measuring, and the actual value of what we’re measuring

18
Q

Define validity

A

Are we measuring what we intend to measure?

19
Q

Define reliability

A

Consistency within results

20
Q

Define internal validity

A

Are the effects observed in the study due to manipulation of the IV, or by another factor?

21
Q

How can we improve internal validity?

A

Control extraneous variables

Eliminate demand characteristics and investigator effects

22
Q

Define external validity

A

Refers to the extent to which the results can be generalised to other contexts

23
Q

Define ecological validity

A

Data generalised to other settings

24
Q

Define population validity

A

Data generalised to wider audience

25
Q

Define historical validity

A

Data generalised to another time

26
Q

How can we improve external validity?

A

Use natural settings that reflect the real world

Use random sampling

27
Q

How can we assess reliability?

A

Test-retest reliability

Use statistical methods

PS1813 - 1 - Intro to Statistics (7 decks)

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