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Seañcá > Biology-Natural selection/evolution > Flashcards

Biology-Natural selection/evolution Flashcards

To learn about natural selection/evolution

1
Q

Define

Species

A

A group of organism that can breed with each other

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2
Q

Define

Habitat

A

Where an animal/plant species live

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3
Q

Define

Community

A

A lot of the same animals/ plants in the same place

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4
Q

Define

Biodiversity

A

A lot of different communities in one place.The more diverse the communities, the higher the biodiversity

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5
Q

Will a small jungle be more diverse than a large potato field?

A

Yes

The jungle may be small but it has more communities in it

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6
Q

Define

Competition

A

How animals try to fight against other animals to survive, only allowing the fittest to thrive

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7
Q

Explain

“Survial of the fittest”

A

Essentially, it means that the forms or traits that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to leave more offspring in successive generations

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8
Q

What are the four animal competitions?

A
  • Food
  • Territory
  • Water
  • Mates
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9
Q

What are the four plant competitions?

A
  • Light
  • Space
  • Water/minerals
  • Pollinaters
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10
Q

What is the difference between

Interspecific and Intraspecific competition

A
  • Interspecific: Between different species
  • Intraspecific: Between same species
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11
Q

Define

Food chain/cycle/web

A

A diagram that shows the flow of nutrients through an ecoystem’s inhabitants eating of eachother.

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12
Q

Define

Trophic level

A

The energy level at which an animal is in a food chain/cycle/web.The higher the level, the less energy the animal recieves,and the more food it’s needs to survive.

Basically survial of the fittest

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13
Q

Define

Producer

A

An organism which produces it’s own food using light.

Eg:Plants,algae,amobea

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14
Q

Define

Comuser

A

Organism who comsumes other organisms

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15
Q

Define

Primary comuser

A

An organism who comsumes only producers

Eg:Cows,Parrots,Vegans

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16
Q

Define

Secondary Comuser

A

One who comsumes other comsuers/producers

Eg:Buffalo,Blackbird,Us

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17
Q

Define

Top predator

A

The animal of the highest trophic level in a food chain/cycle/web, who is not/rarley eaten by other comsuer

Eg:Eagle,lion,Around 50% of the human population

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18
Q

Define

Decomposer

A

Organism who decomposethe remains of an eaten animal/plant in which the comsuer has not comsumed

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19
Q

Define

Predator

A

An animals which hunts and kills other animal for it’s food

20
Q

Define

Prey

A

An animal who is hunted, or killed by other predators.

21
Q

Define

Scavenger

A

An animal who eats the remains of a dead animal

22
Q

Define

Herbivore

A

An organism who eats only producers

23
Q

Define

Carnivore

A

An organism who eats only comusers

24
Q

Define

Ommivore

A

An organism who eats both producers and comsumers

25
Q

How many steps are in the predator/prey cycle?

A

4

26
Q

What is the difference between

Biotic and Abiotic

A
  • Biotic: Living factors(Eg: Another predator eats too many prey)
  • Abiotic: Non-living factors(Eg: A flood kills of many of the animals in the community , weakening them)
27
Q

Define

Variants

A

Individuals that are similar but not the same, they be caused by genetics(during fertilisation), environment, or both.

28
Q

Define

Variantation

A

Different charastics between organisms

29
Q

What is the difference between

Countionous and Non-countionous

A
  • Continuous:Numeric Variantations (Eg: Height)
  • Non-continuous:Categoric Variantation(Eg: Eye colour)

(yes different heightened animals are variants, we just don’t call it out)

30
Q

What is the difference between

Inherited and Enviromental variantations?

A
  • Inherited:Charateristics given to an organism by their parent organism(s)
  • Enviromental:Characteristics given to an organsim, based on it’s enviroment, and where it lives.
31
Q

What does this stand for:

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

32
Q

What is the name of DNA’s sturcture?

A

Double helix

33
Q

What are the rungs of DNA called?

A

Nucleotides

34
Q

Nulecitotoes bonds(Quanies):

A
  • A to T
  • C to G
35
Q

Define

Genes

A

A sequence of nucelotides in a certian order that, whne read by ribsomes, act as insturctions for making proteins in the cell

36
Q

Define

Chromsones

A
  • Thread-like structures located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells.
  • They are made of protein and a single molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
  • Each chromosome carries genetic information, or genes, that determine an individual’s traits and characteristics
37
Q

How many chromsones does the average human have.

A

46

38
Q
  • Mitosis makes?
  • Meiosis makes?
A
  • Body cells
  • Sex cells
39
Q

Which two group of men were responsible for the discovery of DNA

A
  • Frankin and Watkins
  • Watson and Cricle
40
Q

Define

Mutations

A

When the DNA makes a mistake in translation, causing an abnormal feature.

41
Q

Define

Adaptation

A

A feature of an organism that helps said organism to survive in it’s habitat

42
Q

Define

What are the three adaptation types:

A
  • Sturctual:Adaptations to do with a physical part of the organism body
  • Behavioural:Adaptations to do with the organism behaviour
  • Physicological:Adaptation to do with the organism chosing to perform a process/mutation in order to survive
43
Q

Define

Exinction

A

When the last memeber of a species dies with offspring, causing the disaperance of the species worldwide.

44
Q

List

The Exinction scale

A
  1. Exinct
  2. Exinct in Wild
  3. Critically Endangered
  4. Endangered
  5. Vunerabe
  6. Near-Theartened
  7. Least Concern
  8. Data Deficent
  9. Not Evaluated
45
Q

List

Some ways to protect endangered animals(5)

A
  • Animal charaties
  • National trusts
  • National parks
  • Zoos
  • Protection orders on species
46
Q

Define

Fossils

A

The mineralized ,partial or complete form of an organism, or of an organism’s activity, that has been preserved as a cast, impression, or mold.

47
Q

Define

Fossil record

A

History of all life on earth as documented by fossils

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