4.1.1-4.1.5

Question 1

Which structure of the nephron will the hormone ADH interact with?

Answer 1

Collecting duct

Question 2

Most of the reabsorption of substances in the blood (glucose, amino acids, some water) occurs in the

Answer 2

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

Question 3

Which cell receptors are responsible for monitoring blood osmolarity levels?

Answer 3

Osmoreceptors

Question 4

The structure where water reabsorption does NOT occur is

Answer 4

Ascending loop of Henle

Question 5

Which hormone is most responsible for regulating electrolytes in the body?

Answer 5

Aldosterone

Question 6

Moves substances from the renal tubules to the blood capillaries

Answer 6

Reabsorption

Question 7

Moves substance from the blood capillaries to Bowman’s capsule

Answer 7

Filtration

Question 8

Moves substances from the blood capillaries to the renal tubules

Answer 8

Secretion

Question 9

True or False: In the absence of the hormone ADH, a large volume of dilute urine will be excreted from the kidneys.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Where is antidiuretic hormone (ADH) synthesized in the body?

Answer 10

Hypothalamus

Question 11

The presence of the hormone ADH in the nephron would result in

Answer 11

less dilute volume of urine, darker colored urine, a more concentrated urine

Question 12

The functional unit of the kidney is called the

Answer 12

Nephron

Question 13

True or False: Low blood osmolarity will result in the synthesis and release of the hormone ADH

Answer 13

False

Question 14

Where is antidiuretic hormone (ADH) released/secreted in the body?

Answer 14

Posterior pituitary gland

Question 15

True or False: The hormone ADH makes the collecting duct more impermeable to water.

Answer 15

False

Question 16

When blood osmolarity is high, what is produced in the brain?

Answer 16

A feeling of thirst

Question 17

ADH is a hormone responsible for

Answer 17

increasing the permeability of the collecting duct to water and decreasing the amount of urine

Question 18

What type of feedback loop does blood osmoregulation represent?

Answer 18

Negative

Question 19

A person who is diabetic would most likely have high amount of what in their urine?

Answer 19

Glucose

Question 20

You observed leukocytes, trace amounts of blood, and crystals in a patient’s urine sample. What is most likely the diagnosis of this patient?

Answer 20

UTI

Question 21

Chemical Analysis

Answer 21

Use one urine test strip for each sample to test urine pH, Specific Gravity, Ketones, Glucose, protein

Question 22

Macroscopic Analysis

Answer 22

observe color and clarity

Question 23

Microscopic Analysis

Answer 23

urine was previously tested for presence of red and white blood cells; Epithelial cells, crystals, leukocytes, erythrocytes

Question 24

pH

Answer 24

measures whether urine is acidic, basic, or neutral. Urine pH ranges from 4.6 to 8.0

Question 25

Specific Gravity

Answer 25

measures the concentration of particles in the urine. The more concentrated, the higher the specific gravity. Ranges from 1.002 to 1.028. Dehydration is the most common cause of a high specific gravity

Question 26

Ketones

Answer 26

detects the presence or absence of ketones, which are the endpoint of rapid or excessive fat breakdown. Normal urine does not contain ketones

Question 27

Glucose

Answer 27

measures the amount of sugar in the urine. Normal urine does not contain glucose

Question 28

Protein

Answer 28

measures the amount of a protein called albumin. Normal ranges are very small, usually 0-5 mg/dL

Question 29

Color

Answer 29

normal urine should be a shade of yellow ranging from straw to amber, abnormal urine can be colorless, dark yellow, orange, pink, red, green, brown, or black

Question 30

Clarity

Answer 30

normal urine should be clear. Abnormal urine can be hazy, cloudy, or opaque

Question 31

Erythrocytes

Answer 31

are not normally found in urine. They could be a sign of a medical condition that needs treatment, such as a UTI, kidney disease, or liver disease

Question 32

Leukocytes

Answer 32

white blood cells and bacteria are both signs of a bacterial infection. They are not normally found in urine

Question 33

Epithelial cells

Answer 33

cells that line the urinary tract and are therefore normally found in the urine of healthy patients

Question 34

Crystals

Answer 34

some crystals, including calcium oxalate, triple phosphate, and amorphous phosphates, are normally seen in urine of healthy patients. A large number of crystals or certain types of crystals can indicate kidney stones