1558 - 1568 Flashcards
1558 - Elizabeth I is crowned Queen
She replaced her Catholic half-sister Mary, who died childless. Mary was married to Philip II of Spain.
1558 - Elizabeth and the religious settlement
This included: 1) the Act of Supremacy – which stated that Elizabeth was Head of the Church, 2) the Act of Uniformity – which set out expectations for church appearances and church services and 3) Royal Injunctions – a set of instructions reinforcing the Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity.
1559 - Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis
This peace treaty between England and France ended the war inherited by Elizabeth from her half-sister Mary I, who went to war alongside her Spanish husband Philip II in 1557. Humiliatingly, Elizabeth had to confirm the loss of Calais, which had been an English possession since 1347.
1560 - Treaty of Edinburgh
This established a new Anglo-Scottish peace and also reconfirmed the agreement at Cateau-Cambresis. Elizabeth was eager to nullify the threat of the Auld Alliance (Scotland and France), which had been further reinforced by the marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots and French King Francis II. The treaty also stated that Mary would give up her claim to the English throne, although this was not formally agreed by Mary.
1563 - Statute of Artificers
This aimed to ensure poor relief was collected. Anyone refusing to pay poor rates could be imprisoned and officials failing to organise poor relief could be fined.
1556 - Dutch Revolt
The Netherlands had been part of the Spanish empire since the 1550s. However, the Dutch had always governed themselves. Philip II’s decision to reorganise the Dutch government and church angered both the Dutch Catholics and the Protestants. They began to revolt against the Spanish.
1568 - Genoese Loan
Italian bankers from Genoa had lent Philip II money to fund his campaign in the Netherlands (which was trying to put down the Dutch Revolt). Crucially, when the Spanish ships docked in English ports, the gold was seized by Elizabeth. This increased tension between England and Spain.
1568 - Mary, Queen of Scots, flees from Scotland to England
Mary was forced to flee following her unsuccessful attempt to win back her Scottish throne. She raised an army following her escape from prison but was defeated at Langside (Glasgow). The imprisonment owed to her likely involvement in the murder of her second husband, Lord Darnley. Her first husband, Francis II, had died in December 1560.
