Chapter 12 Vocabulary Flashcards

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1
Q

genetic material received from parents

A

inheritance

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2
Q

likelihood (chance) an event might occur

A

probability

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3
Q

of ways a specific outcome can happen divided by # of total outcomes

A

What is the equation for probability?

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4
Q

cell division that produces gametes (reproductive cells)

A

meiosis (my-O-sis)

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5
Q

cells that contain pairs of chromosomes(one from each parent)

A

diploid(DIP-loid)

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6
Q

cells that contain only ONE chromosome from a matching pair(this occurs only in reproductive cells)

A

haploid(HAP-loid)

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7
Q

genetic planthe combination of alleles(the “type-o-genes” an organism has)

A

genotype(GENE-o-type)

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8
Q

the traits, or characteristics of an organism(the expression of genetic info)

A

phenotype(FEEN-o-type)

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9
Q

inheriting two differing forms of a particular gene(Example: Tt)

A

heterozygous(het-er-oh-ZY-gus)

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10
Q

inheriting two identical forms of a particular gene(Example: TT or tt)

A

homozygous(hom-oh-ZY-gus)

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11
Q

covers up or masks other forms of the gene

A

dominant trait

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12
Q

gets covered up by other (dominant) forms of the gene

A

recessive trait

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13
Q

an individual that has a recessive trait but does not show it

A

carrier

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14
Q

a tool that follows the occurence of a particular trait in a family

A

pedigree

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15
Q

traits that are controlled by genes on the X or Y chromosome

A

sex-linked traits

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16
Q

a specific form of a gene

A

allele

17
Q

part of a chromosome from the mother can swap places with part of a chromosome from the father

A

crossing over

18
Q

like chromosomes (and therefore the genes/alleles on those chromosomes) separate from one another during meiosis

A

principle of segregation

19
Q

because chromosomes separate from one another during meiosis, the inheritance of one gene does not influence the inheritance of another gene

A

principle of independent assortment