Poverty and Pauperism - Improvements

Question 1

When did the Huddersfield scandal happen?

Answer 1

1848

Question 2

What was wrong with the Huddersfield Workhouse?

Answer 2

Typhus outbreak, lice ridden beds, sharing beds with corpses, soiled bed linen, poor food, not enough blankets or food, overcrowding

Question 3

Give 2 reasons why attitudes changed towards the poor after 1850

Answer 3

Scandals, rise of charity, rise of self-help, middle-class activities, Victorian morality

Question 4

What is Philanthropy?

Answer 4

A general concern for the welfare of others

Question 5

What did the Outdoor Labour Test Order do and when was it passed?

Answer 5

Policy of April 1842 which allowed the use of outdoor relief to the able-bodied poor

Question 6

Who was the Outdoor Labour State Test Order given to?

Answer 6

Sent to unions without workhouses or where the workhouse test was deemed unenforceable

Question 7

When was the Outdoor Relief Regulation Order passed?

Answer 7

1852

Question 8

Why was the Outdoor relief regulation Order difficult to enforce?

Answer 8

Because parishes wanted the option of outdoor relief as it solved short-term problems

Question 9

What was the Outdoor Relief Prohibitory Order and when was it?

Answer 9

1844, prohibited outdoor relief for both able-bodied males and females except on account of sickness or “sudden and urgent necessity.

Question 10

What special role did middle and upper class women perform in relation to poverty?

Answer 10

They found a role for themselves in charity work aimed at helping/supporting the poor

Question 11

Who co-founded Urania Cottage with Charles Dickens?

Answer 11

Angela Burnett-Coutts

Question 12

What was Urania Cottage and when was it founded?

Answer 12

A hostel/home for ex-prostitutes
1847

Question 13

What did the Workhouse Visiting Society do?

Answer 13

Collated information about the poor

Question 14

What resulted from the Lancet’s investigation in 1865?

Answer 14

The Metropolitan Poor Act of 1867

Question 15

What responsibility did the Metropolitan Asylum Board have?

Answer 15

To look after sick paupers

Question 16

Why might self-help ideas have been praised?

Answer 16

New approach to pauperism, encouraged the poor to take responsibility

Question 17

Why might self-help ideas have been criticised?

Answer 17

Patronising approach to the poor

Question 18

Who published the book Self-Help and when?

Answer 18

Samuel Smiles, 1859

Question 19

What did the Charity Organisation Society (1869) do?

Answer 19

Interviewed paupers, adopted a more constructive approach and gave advice

Question 20

Who wrote that workhouses were prisons and the growing class divide in society in his book of 1843?

Answer 20

Thomas Carlyle

Question 21

What did Henry Mayhew argue?

Answer 21

That poor wages were the cause of poverty

Question 22

What was different about Mayhew’s work?

Answer 22

Four volume work based on detailed research into the lives of the poor

Question 23

What was Mayhew’s study called?

Answer 23

London Labour and London Poor
1851

Question 24

What does empiricism mean?

Answer 24

Based on evidence or observation rather than logic or theory

Question 25

Why did Dickens work reach a large audience?

Answer 25

Because his work was serialised in newspapers

Question 26

Name 2 Dickens’ books that dealt specifically with the issue of poverty

Answer 26

Oliver Twist, Hard Times, Christmas Carol