Unit 3 - Movement into and out of cells Flashcards

Diffusion, osmosis, Active Transport

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1
Q

What is the definition of Diffusion?

A

Net movement of particles from a region of high concentration to lower concentration over time. Requiring no energy to do so.

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2
Q

What is the concentration gradient?

A

difference between 2 areas

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3
Q

What is equilibrium

A

When particles are evenly distributed through a space

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4
Q

Factors that affect rate of diffusion

4

A
  1. concentration gradient - larger = faster
  2. temperature - more energy = faster
  3. surface area - larger = faster
  4. distance- larger = longer time
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5
Q

Why is diffusion important (in animals)

3

A
  1. gettign raw materials for respiration or photosynthesis
  2. removing waste products
  3. importing or exporting products ( eg proteins)
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6
Q

What is osmosis?

A

net movement of water molecules from an area od hugh water potential to an area of low water potential through a partially permiable membrane . repuiring no energy to do so.

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7
Q

Solute concentration in water potential

A
  • low water concentration (potential ) high solutes
  • high water concentration (potential ) low solutes
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8
Q

Biological examples of water as a solvent

3

A
  1. digestion - water used to dissolve solutes from your food
  2. excretion - water used to dissolve solutes in your urine
  3. transport - water used to dissolve solues in your blood
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9
Q

What is a hypertonic solution

A

one that has a higher solute concentration than the cell

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10
Q

What is a hypotonic solution?

A

one that has a lower solute concentration than the cell

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11
Q

What is an isotonic solution?

A

has an equal concentration fo solutes inside and outside the cell.

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12
Q

What happens to plant cells in a hypertonic solution?

A
  • net movement out of the cell causing a reduction in tugor pressure and cell membrane to peel back from the cell wall
  • known as plasmolysed
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13
Q

Plant cells in a hypotonic solution

A
  • net movement of water into the cell
  • increase in tugor pressure and become turgid, cell membrane pushes agaisnt cell wall.
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14
Q

What is active transport

A

movement of particles through a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to higher concentration through a partially permeable membrane . using energy from respiration.

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15
Q

What does active transport use and involve?

A
  • uses atp as an energy source ( biological energy)
  • involves carries proteins in the membrane
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16
Q

Active transport in a root hair cell (ion)

A
  • plants need ions to survive
  • ions are in lower concentration inthe soil than they are un the cell, therefore for the plant to get enough ions they use active transport
17
Q

What is dialysis tubing?

A

a non-living semi-permeable membrane, similar to the membrane around our cells. It allows through small molecules eg water whilst larger molecules eg sugar cant pass through

18
Q

When is dialysis tubing needed ?

A

used by patients with kideny faliure who need dialysis to filter their blood