abdomen Flashcards

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1
Q
A

achalasia

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2
Q
A

ZENKERS DIVERTICULUM
diverticulum may contain air, fluid, or ingested materials,
- patchy food

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3
Q

Esophagram indication

A

Evaluates just esophagus

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4
Q
A

achalasia
- dilated esophagus
- fluid line level

sx:
- nausea/vomit
- inability to tolerate lots of food

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5
Q
A

esophageal web
- plummer vincent syndrome
- small cell carcinoma in future

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6
Q
A

esophageal varices
- portal hypertension,
-drinkers
- cirrhosis

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7
Q
A

ESOPHAGEAL VARICES
- portal hypertension, - drinkers
- cirrhosis

In a CT scan, esophageal varices can appear as rounded or tubular structures within the esophageal wall that are enhanced after the administration of intravenous contrast material. They might be seen as a series of beaded enlargements along the normally smooth outline of the esophagus. The appearance can vary based on the severity and the stage of the liver disease causing the portal hypertension.

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8
Q
A

visualization of a thin, circumferential filling defect in the
distal esophagus called a Schatzki Ring

Schatzki ring:
- narrowing of the lower part of the esophagus
-causes dysphagia
- located just above the junction with the stomach, at the level of the lower esophageal sphincter.

On a barium swallow X-ray, which is what this image seems to be, a Schatzki ring appears as a thin ring of constriction and can cause a characteristic “ring” shadow. Below this ring, the esophagus may appear dilated if there is significant obstruction to the flow of food and liquid.

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9
Q

Upper GI series indication

A

Evaluate the anatomy and function of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum

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10
Q
A

duodenal ulcer
- highly attenuated area
- 1st: UPPER GI SERIES NOT ENDOSCOPY

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11
Q
A

duodenal ulcer
- jagged ulcer
- ulceration area not filled with contrast in duodenum

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12
Q
A

duodenal ulcer

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13
Q
A

gastric ulcer
- Outpouching

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14
Q
A
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15
Q
A

gastric polyp
- SMOOTH not jagged
- not filled with contrast
- usually cystic or air filled
- need to bx

can see feeding tube

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16
Q
A

gastric polyp

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17
Q
A

Gastric polypoid mass
- bubbly
-jagged

pt presentation + fam hx important

18
Q

barium enema indication

A

evaluate the anatomy and function of the large intestine (colon and rectum)
involves the introduction of barium sulfate into the rectum via a catheter

19
Q
A

colon polyp
- Polyps are smooth and symmetric

20
Q
A

colon polyp
- Polyps are smooth and symmetric

21
Q
A

colon polyp

22
Q
A

Colonic tumor
- apple core sign: core is the tumor tissue
- need a CT scan with IV contrast to see if lesion is growing its own vasculature

23
Q
A

Colonic tumor
- different gray scale suggest tumor

24
Q
A

lead pipe sign in UC
- Loss of haustra marking - lead pipe deformities

25
Q
A

Diverticulosis
- outpouching

Diverticulitis: infection with outpouching
- Different presentation: hx of diverticulosis or never screened before; fever, abdominal pain, leukocytosis

26
Q
A

Diverticulosis
- outpouching

Diverticulitis: infection with outpouching
- Different presentation: hx of diverticulosis or never screened before; fever, abdominal pain, leukocytosis

27
Q
A

baby ribs: small ribs + smooth bones
- generalized air
- air in the bowel wall
- concern: NECROTIZING Enterocolitis

28
Q

good abdominal xray

A

can see diaphragm to pubic symphysis

alignment:
- can see straight pelvic rami
- straight spine orientation

29
Q
A

air in biliary tree
- Sign of Gram negative infection: should never be free air in the biliary system

normal air in small bowel

30
Q
A

Cut off sign - looks like air fluid level; not normal

31
Q
A

generalized free air:
- sepsis
- post surgery
- infection

left lateral decubitus
- can see extraluminal air that has escaped
-distended bowel with generalized free air

32
Q
A

Calcified outline of the gall bladder
Older pts = normal

33
Q
A

Concern for obstruction with air fluid level

localized air in splenic flexure
fecal impaction

33
Q
A

air outlining pancreas
gallstone: mostly fat + calcium
- indication for surgery

cholecystitis -> inflammation -> ileus

pheboliths in bladder: calcifications that happen with ag

34
Q

Acute abdominal series

A

-supine
-prone
- upright or lateral decubitus
- upright chest xray*

35
Q
A

localized to small bowel
- SBO:
- step ladder air fluid levels

free air under diaphragm

36
Q
A

1- Right 11th Rib,
2- T12 spinous process/T12 vertebral body,
3- Left 11th Rib/gastric bubble
4- Splenic flexure
5- Transverse Colon
6- Descending Colon
7- Sacrum/S1
8- L SI joint,
9- L femoral head,
10- Ascending Colon/R Ilium
11- R Iliac Crest,
12- Hepatic flexure
13- R psoas muscle.

37
Q
A

cecal volvulus
Young pt classic presentation - sx of obstruction; 20s-30s, no past medical/surgical hx

38
Q
A

LBO
- stool all over
-80yrs old
- pencil thin stool

39
Q
A

Coffee bean sign

SIGMOID VOLVULUS: older, pencil thin stools