Industrial Revolution Flashcards

1
Q

Define the Industrial Revolution

A

1750-1900 period when the economy changed from an agricultural to a factory based system

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2
Q

What revolution preceded the Industrial Revolution in Britain?

A

The agrarian revolution

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3
Q

What was the population of Britain in 1750?

A

6 million

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4
Q

What was the population of Britain in 1811?

A

18 million

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5
Q

What was the population of Britain in 1850?

A

27 million

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6
Q

What did the ‘Wealth of Nations’ propose?

A

Free market and laissez-faire economics to promote economic growth

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7
Q

Who wrote the ‘Wealth of Nations’ and when was it written?

A

Adam Smith in 1776

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8
Q

Why is banking considered to be the cause of the Industrial Revolution?

A

It funded business ventures and start-ups

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9
Q

Why did the Newcomen Steam Engine and the Spinning Jenny kickstart the Industrial Revolution?

A

The engine was the prototype for steam-powered factories and the spinning Jenny revolutionised the textile industry

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10
Q

How many banks had been established by 1784?

A

119

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11
Q

How many banks had been established by 1800?

A

800

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12
Q

Why was banking seen to be secure in Britain?

A

The exchange of receipts or bills for gold deposits was the beginning of paper currency

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13
Q

What were county banks allowed to do alongside city banks in 1797?

A

Issue bank notes/paper currency

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14
Q

What was removed from small country banks in 1826 to enable them to grow into joint stock banks?

A

A cap on banks to give them the right to issue notes

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15
Q

What was the name of the first joint-stock bank?

A

Lancashire Banking Company 1826

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16
Q

Why was Britain credited with being the ‘workshop of the world?’

A

It was the first country to have an Industrial Revolution that by 1850 was the envy of the world

17
Q

What is the term used to describe small scale industry performed in homes?

A

Cottage industry

18
Q

By how many million pounds did cotton importations increase by between 1761 and 1833?

A

297 million

19
Q

Name 2 other machines which transformed the cotton industry?

A

Samuel Crompton’ Spinning Mule in 1779 and Richard Arkwright’s Water Frame in 1769

20
Q

Give 3 reasons/factors that causes the industrial revolution

A

Technology, banking, entrepreneurs, natural resources, small country/each to travel to the coast, navigable rivers, peaceful country, protestant work ethic, stable government

21
Q

Why was Lancashire good for cotton mills?

A

Cool climate stopped the cotton thread from splitting and close to the port of Liverpool, slave trade port and access to trading links, eastern coast closer to trade links/America, Manchester to Liverpool railway built 1830

22
Q

Before steam powered engines were invented where were factories/mills sited?

A

Close to rivers to power the engines/machines

23
Q

Which raw material powered the steam engine?

A

Coal

24
Q

In what areas of the UK did the Industrial Revolution thrive?

A

Textile manufacturing in the northwest, mining in the northeast, engineering in the midlands

25
Q

Why did the Industrial Revolution thrive in these areas?

A

Access to raw materials or water ways or close to ports or access to labour supply

26
Q

Which farming invention promoted greater productivity in agricultual areas?

A

Seed drill, threshing machine

27
Q

What is the difference between mechanisation of work in the agricultural south and the industrial north? (you’re welcome Cesca)

A

It takes jobs away from agricultural labourers but creates jobs for industrial workers

28
Q

How would you describe the south-west and north-east of Britain during the Industrial Revolution?

A

Agricultural mainly, except for tin mining in Cornwall and pockets of manufacturing in London and some big towns

29
Q

What areas of the UK became industrial centres as a result of the industrial revolution?

A

North East, North West, Clyde Valley, Welsh Valleys, Birmingham, Cornwall

30
Q

Which transportation systems were prevalent in the 1700s?

A

Horse, cart, carriage, canal system, boats

31
Q

When did railways really begin to herald the dawn of a new transportation age?

A

1830s/1840s

32
Q

Why was the Statue of Artificers Act repealed?

A

To enable employers to get around any regulations, to take away rights and privileges for apprentices

33
Q

When were the ‘laissez-faire’ economic policies in operation?

A

On and off depending on the issue throughout the first half of the 19th century

34
Q

How did the Industrial Revolution impact the social structure of Britain?

A

Created new classes e.g. proletariat/industrial w-c, the middle-class

35
Q

What were the attributes of the new middle-class?

A

Self improvement, women’s roles/separate spheres

36
Q

What were the negative outcomes of the relationship between the new middle-class and the urban working-class

A

Lack of unity, diverse value systems

37
Q

What were the positive outcomes of the relationship between the new middle-class and the urban working-class

A

Some unity in ideals, belief in education

38
Q

When was the Great Exhibition and why was it important?

A

1851, showcased the best of Britain as ‘the workshop of the world’