Definitions of Key Words

Question 1

What is Capitalism?

Answer 1

An economic system where businesses are controlled by private ownership and for profit

Question 2

What is democracy?

Answer 2

A political system where people are able to choose their leaders in a public vote

Question 3

What does the term ‘closed shop’ mean?

Answer 3

Where everyone who works there is in a trade union

Question 4

What is an entrepreneur?

Answer 4

Someone who takes risks to start up a business

Question 5

What is an artisan?

Answer 5

A skilled tradesman/woman, often making something by hand

Question 6

What is a ‘knobstick’?

Answer 6

A strike breaker

Question 7

What does the term ‘picketing’ mean?

Answer 7

To encourage workers not to work and join a strike action

Question 8

What is a dividend?

Answer 8

Sum paid annually to a shareholder

Question 9

What does the term ‘mutualism mean?

Answer 9

Groups/people getting together to help each other

Question 10

What is co-operative economics?

Answer 10

Common economic, social, and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and democratically-controlled enterprise

Question 11

What are laissez faire economics?

Answer 11

Government not intervening in markets or the economy

Question 12

What is the difference between Parliament and Government?

Answer 12

Government runs the country, Parliament passes the legislation

Question 13

What is hunger politics?

Answer 13

Political demands brought about by harsh economic conditions

Question 14

What is a constitution?

Answer 14

A set of rules and rights to run a country

Question 15

What is patronage?

Answer 15

Using influence or money to sponsor an individual within the political system

Question 16

What is a pocket borough?

Answer 16

Landowner controls who becomes MP in a constituency/borough

Question 17

What is a rotten borough?

Answer 17

A borough which has declined in power, size, and voters but still has 1 or even 2 MPs

Question 18

What is sedition?

Answer 18

Using language to encourage rebellion

Question 19

What is a two-party system?

Answer 19

British political system which work best with 2 large political parties due to the First Past the Post System

Question 20

What does the word lobby mean?

Answer 20

Influencing politicians to vote in certain ways

Question 21

What did ‘Adullamite’ believe in 1866?

Answer 21

Anti-reformist in 1860s in the liberal party

Question 22

What does agrarian mean?

Answer 22

A society based on the land and in farming

Question 23

What is a joint-stock bank?

Answer 23

Bank owned by a few people each with shares in the bank’s capital

Question 24

What is a cottage industry?

Answer 24

Small-scale industry in homes rather than in factories

Question 25

What is a trade union?

Answer 25

A body of workers joined together to support each other with employee/employer negotiations

Question 26

What is new model unionism?

Answer 26

Unions of skilled labour during the 1950s onwards

Question 27

What does the term aristocracy of labour refer to?

Answer 27

Division of labour into skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled labour

Question 28

What is piecework?

Answer 28

To be paid by the item made

Question 29

What does TUC stand for?

Answer 29

Trade Union Congress

Question 30

What is a parish?

Answer 30

Area run by a local church

Question 31

Define pauperism

Answer 31

Poor people in a society in need of poor relief

Question 32

What is a panopticon?

Answer 32

A type of prison where all areas can be viewed by few staff

Question 33

What does ‘less eligibility’ mean?

Answer 33

Conditions in the workhouse are worse that the lowest outside the workhouse

Question 34

What is non-conformism?

Answer 34

Refusal to conform to common beliefs (usually in religion)