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Developmental Psychology > Prenatal Development (5)* > Flashcards

Prenatal Development (5)* Flashcards

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1
Q

Prenatal development stages***

A
  1. Ovulation (9-16 days of the menstrual cycle)
  2. Fertilisation (24hrs after this)
  3. Male + female chromosome material unite (24-30hrs)
  4. Egg cell divides
  5. 2 cells (36hrs after fertilisation)
  6. 4 cells (48hrs after fertilisation)
  7. Cluster of 16-32 cells (3 days)
  8. Hollow ball of about 100 cells (4 days)
  9. Zygote enters the uterus (4-5 days)
  10. Zygote begins to attach to the wall of the uterus (6-7 days)
  11. Zygote is completely implanted in the uterine wall (12-14 days)
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2
Q

3 stages of prenatal development

A

Zygote (up to 2 weeks)
Embryo (2-8)
Foetal (from 2 months)

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3
Q

Zygote

A

A single cell embryo

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4
Q

How many chromosomes does an embryo contain

A

46

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5
Q

Heart appears

A

18 days after fertilisation

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6
Q

When are major features (such as hands, arms, fingers, eyes…) defined

A

8 weeks (end of embryo stage)

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7
Q

The brain and spinal chord… what stage

A

Embryo stage

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8
Q

Forebrain

A

Cerebral hemispheres, hypothalamus, thalamus

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9
Q

Midbrain

A

Superior + inferior colliculi, substancia nigra

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10
Q

Hindbrain

A

Medulla oblongata, pons

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11
Q

3 weeks…brain and spinal chord

A

Neural plate thickens first at the head and then folds into the neural tube which forms the brain and spinal chord

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12
Q

Movement

A

Even though mother typically doesn’t feel it for another 10 weeks, embryo starts moving at 5-6 weeks

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13
Q

XX

A

Female

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14
Q

XY

A

Male

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15
Q

6 months… unfolding in the cortex

A
  • sulci + gyri
  • increases surface area
  • frontal, parietal + occipital lobes differentiated
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16
Q

Cerebral cells mature by..

A

27 weeks

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17
Q

Touch sensitive by…

A

13-14 weeks

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18
Q

Responds to growing medley of sounds

A

20 weeks

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19
Q

Respond to taste

A

25 weeks

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20
Q

Sweet substances in fluid…

A

Increase swallowing

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21
Q

Bitter substances in fluid…

A

Decrease swallowing and alter facial expressions

22
Q

Chemosensory

A

Taste and smell

23
Q

Eyelids fused until

A

5-7 months

24
Q

Teratogons*

A

Substances which, if ingested by mother, can adversely affect their unborn child

25
Q

Types of teratogens

A

Diseases/infections e.g. rubella
Drugs/medicine e.g. aspirin

26
Q

Which stage are defects most common?

A

Embryonic -> foundations of all body parts

27
Q

Common features of foetal alcohol syndrome (according to Connor et al)

A

Over activity
Impaired motor control
Attention deficits
Memory problems
Language impairments

28
Q

How many pairs of autonomes

A

22

29
Q

What is the embryo stage crucial for

A

Organ formation, sexual development

30
Q

What drives the formation of organs

A

Chemical reactions

31
Q

When does the heart begin to beat

A

3 weeks and 1 day

32
Q

How many heart beats per minute (by 4 weeks)

A

105-121

33
Q

When are major features defined e.g arms, hands, fingers…

A

8 weeks

34
Q

Day neural plate begins to form

A

18

35
Q

Neurogenisis

A

Cells are continually born within the neural tube

36
Q

When does neurogenisis and migration continue to

A

6 months

37
Q

Reflexive movements controlled by

A

Midbrain

38
Q

When does cerebral cortex start developing

A

9 weeks - covers whole brain by mid pregnancy

39
Q

Additional volume in cerebral due to..

A

Increases in cell body size, synaptogenisis, myelination (month 6)

40
Q

Foetus swallows and sucks thumb

A

9 weeks

41
Q

Sense light touch

A

9 weeks

42
Q

When do gender differences emerge

A

14 weeks - female foetuses move their jaws more

43
Q

When do foetuses start to learn

A

24 weeks - respond + habituate

44
Q

Continually moving by

A

13 weeks

45
Q

Distinct patterns of rest and activity

A

34 weeks

46
Q

Quiet sleep

A

Motionless, steady heart beat, rhythmic breathing

47
Q

Active sleep

A

Lots of different body movements, eyes moving and sometimes open, heart rates and breathing irregular and responsive to stimulation

48
Q

Exposure learning

A

If a newborn responds to a stimuli they heard/ experienced in the womb

49
Q

Righting reflex (balance) by..

A

25 weeks - head down birthing orientation

50
Q

Effects of Dutch famine study

A

2x more likely to develop heart disease
Schizophrenia, obesity, diabetes, cancer, stress-related illnesses

Developmental Psychology (10 decks)

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