1b psychiatric disorders across the lifespan Flashcards

1
Q

what is dementia

A

Degenerative disease of the brain with:
cognitive and behavioural impairment
must be severe enough to impact social and occupational functon

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2
Q

pathophysiology of Alzheimers

A

Amyloid plaques
Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs)
loss of neurons and synapses in the cortex and hippocampus

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3
Q

example of an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor

A

Donepezil

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4
Q

example of a NMDA receptor antagonist

A

Memantine

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5
Q

early symptoms of Alzheimers (5)

A
Absent-mindedness
Difficulty recalling names and words
Difficulty learning new information
Disorientation in unfamiliar surroundings
Reduced social engagement
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6
Q

features of progressive alzheimers

A
Marked memory impairment
Reduced vocabulary
Loss of less complex speech patterns.
Mood swings and/or apathy
Decline in ADL’s & social skills
Emergence of psychotic phenomena
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7
Q

advanced alzheimers symptoms

A
Monosyllabic speech
Psychotic symptoms
Behavioural disturbance
Loss of bladder and bowel control
Reduced mobility
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8
Q

psychiatry involved in alzheimers

A

delusions - paranoid
auditory/visual hallucinations
depression

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9
Q

catastrophic reactions in alzheimers

A

the patient becomes very frustrated and angry with their inability to understand and lash out

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10
Q

tool used to assess alzheimers

A

MMSE (Mini Mental State Examination)

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11
Q

delirium vs dementia vs depression

A

delirium - acute, fluctuating, hours/weeks, altered consciousness, impaired attention, psychomotor agitation/depression, reversible
dementia - insidious, progressive, months/years, irreversible
depression - acute or insidious, chronic, months/years, psychomotor depression, reversible

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12
Q

importance of adolescent brain

A

vulnerable to influence by peers

reward system develops faster than prefrontal cortex (risky behaviours therefore)

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13
Q

diagnosis of ADHD

A
  • at least 6 months of persistent pattern of inattention/hyperactivity
  • inappropriate to developmental level
  • interferes with functioning/ development
  • several symptoms before age 12
  • symptoms in two or more settings
  • not explained by another disorder
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14
Q

risk factors of ADHD

A

boys
1st degree relatives
premature birth
low birth weight
prenatal tobacco

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15
Q

prognosis of ADHD

A

70% still have it as teenager

40-60% as adults

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16
Q

stages of psychosocial development

A
infant - hope
18mth-3yr - will
3-5 - purpose
6-13 - competency
14-21 - fidelity
22-39 - love
40-65 - care
65+ - wisdom
17
Q

somatisation disorder

A

symptoms/pain with no physical cause found

18
Q

autism spectrum disorder

A

not interacting with others, behind peers in class, prefers to sit back and observe

19
Q

OCD

A

compulsions and obsessive thoughts manifesting as repeated actions + perfectionism

20
Q

tourettes syndrome

A

involuntary movements of body, not context-appropriate sounds/actions