5. Musculoskeletal Imaging Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What is the most used imaging for skeletal diagnostics?

A

X-ray, plain radiographs

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2
Q

MSK MRI - T1 weighted images are good for?

A

Not fluid sensitive, good for anatomy. Fat will be bright, fluid will be dark. GOod for bone marrow infiltration

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3
Q

What does PD stand for?

A

Proton density

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4
Q

When can we call it an infiltrative process?

A

When it is the same density or less than the adjacent muscle

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5
Q

What structures are always hypointense / dark on all sequences? (Unless pathological)

A
  • Tendons
  • Ligaments
  • Fibrocartilage (meniscus, articular disk)
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6
Q

What are the structure densities on PD (aka T2)

A
  • Fluid is bright due to high water content
  • Fat is bright unless you use fat suppression (that includes bone marrow)
  • Meniscus, tendon, ligament… are dark
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7
Q

What is PD / T2 useful for?

A

IT is useful to detect pathologies, because they will have more fluid than normal tissue - so it will look brighter / highlighted on the imaging.

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8
Q

What differs in PD / T2 when the fluid is not pure (aka serous, fatty)?

A

It becomes darker, less bright - we can tell from the MRI that the fluid has a different quality.

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9
Q

What are the signs of fracture on X-ray?

A
  • Lucent fracture line
  • Macrotrabecular fracture : dense sclerotic line because the trabeculae are compressed together
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10
Q

What is MRI good for in trauma imaging?

A
  • Stress fracture
  • occult fractures (not visible on XRAY but high suspicion of injury)
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11
Q

What is a stress fracture?

A

Fracture caused by an abnormal load on a normal bone

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12
Q

What is US good for in trauma?

A
  • Superficial soft tissue injuries
  • Evaluation of joint fluid
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13
Q

What is the unhappy triad of the knee?

A
  • ACL
  • MCL
  • Medial meniscus
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14
Q

What do we use to visualize superficial ligaments and tendons?

A

Ultrasound imaging

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15
Q

What do we use in cervicospinal trauma visualization?

A

CT, which can be confirmed with an MRI after

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16
Q

What is the sensitivity of CT for cervical spine injury?

A

97-100%

17
Q

What are the periostal reactions of bone tumors on X-RAY

A
  • Solid
  • Lamellated
  • Sunburst
  • Codman’s
18
Q

DIfference between benign and malignant margins?

A

Benign : well defined, geographic, sclerotic margin
Malignant : Ill defined, moth eaten, permeative (but can look like this and NOT be malignant, but infection…)

19
Q

What is the first line imaging in bone tumors?

A

CT