hormones and menstrual cycle Flashcards

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1
Q

What are hormones?

A

chemical messengers used by the endocrine system

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2
Q

What is the endocrine system?

A

glands that secret hormones into the bloodstream

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3
Q

what are hormones produced by?

A

glands

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4
Q

What is the function does of the thyroxide hormone ?

A

controls bloodstream

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5
Q

What is the function does of the growth hormone ?

A

causes growth

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6
Q

What is the function does of the insulin hormone ?

A

controls the blood

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7
Q

What is the function does of the adrenaline hormone ?

A

prepares for self defence

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8
Q

What is the function does of the oestrogen hormone ?

A

sexual characteristics

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9
Q

What is the function does of the testis hormone ?

A

makes sperm

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10
Q

What do heart muscle cells do with adrenaline

A

heart muscle cells contrast more rapidly and strongly increasing heart rate and blood

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11
Q

What do liver cells do with adrenaline

A

change glycoren to glucose and release it into blood

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12
Q

What do wide blood vessels do with adrenaline?

A

increasing diameter of vessel to increase blood flow to muscle

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13
Q

What do narrow blood vessels do with adrenaline?

A

narrowing vessels to reduce blood flow to organs.

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14
Q

what is menstruation?

A

the breakdown and loss of thing lining of the uterus

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15
Q

what is puberty?

A

when the body develops to allow reproduction

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16
Q

what is the menopause?

A

when the menstrual cycle stops completely

17
Q

what is fertilisation?

A

fusing of the male and female gametes

18
Q

what is pregnancy?

A

the time during when a fertilised egg develops till birth

19
Q

what is ovulation?

A

the release of an egg from an ovary

20
Q

what is a period?

A

the ‘bleed’ that occurs during menstruation

21
Q

What is stage one of the menstrual cycle?

A

day 1-5 of the menstrual cycle when the uterus lining breaks down.

22
Q

What is stage two of the menstrual cycle?

A

day 6-12 of the menstrual cycle when the egg cells starts to mature in the ovaries

23
Q

What is stage three of the menstrual cycle?

A

day 14 when the egg cell is released from the ovaries

24
Q

What is stage four of the menstrual cycle?

A

days 16-28 when the lining continues to thicken and if there’s not a fertilised egg the cycle starts again

25
Q

what does fsh do?

A

stimulates the growth and maturation of egg

26
Q

what is LH?

A

ovulation

27
Q

What does oestrogen do?

A

stops release of fsh, stimulates release of Lh , thickens uterus lining

28
Q

What does progesterone do?

A

maintain the lining of uterus, inhibits fsh and lh release

29
Q

What does the falling levels on oestrogen and progesterone do?

A

trigger menstruation

30
Q

What are 2 barrier methods of contraception?

A

the pill
condoms

31
Q

How do condoms prevent fertilisation?

A

they work as a barrier to not let sperm reach the egg

32
Q

How does the hormone pill prevent fertilisation?

A

thickens cervical mucus creating a barrier against sperm.

33
Q

What’s the name given to organs that secrete hormones?

A

endocrine glands