Chapter 5.1 & 5.4 Flashcards

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1
Q

an organism’s awareness of its external environment and internal mental processes

A

consciousness

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2
Q

a state of clear, organized alterness

A

waking consciousness

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3
Q

a condition of awareness that is atypical (e.g., coma; persistent vegetative state).

A

disorder of consciousness

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4
Q

a condition of awareness distinctly different in quality or pattern from walking consciousness

A

altered state of consciousness (ASC)

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5
Q

What are some causes of ASCs?

A

-sensory overload (rave, crowd, mosh pit)
-monotonous stimulation (long drives)
-unusual physical condition (high fever, hyperventilation, dehydration, sleep loss
-restricted sensory input (extended periods of isolation)

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6
Q

any substance that can alter a person’s state of consciousness

a substance capable of altering attention, emotion, judgment, memory, time sense, self-control, or perception.

  • the pleasure of relaxation
A

psychoactive drug

Social-recreational

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7
Q

a substance that increases activity in the body and nervous system

Daily use with elements of dependence

A

stimulant

Intensive Use

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8
Q

a substance that decreases activity in the body and nervous system

intense use and extreme dependence

A

depressant

Compulsive USe

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9
Q

appropriate use of a legal drug

taken as purpose consistent with legal or medical guidelines

A

USER

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10
Q

inappropriate use of legal drugs

taken for a purpose that is NOT consistent with legal or medical guidelines

  • Not prescribed to you
  • Incorrect Dose
  • Not following drug indications
A

MISUSER

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11
Q

Use of illegal drugs

intentional self-harm taken to elicit certain feelings

ADDICTION

clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning

A

ABUSER

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12
Q

your awareness of external events in the environment around you, your awareness of your mental processes including your thoughts, memories, and feelings about your experiences and yourself

A

Consciousness

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13
Q

Nucleus accumbens release _____, a neurotransmitter that intensifies feelings of pleasure

A

dopamine

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14
Q

The chemical ____ of ____ is similar to dopamine

A

structure; cocaine

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15
Q

overuse of cocaine overstimulates the reward system and disturbs ____ ____, resulting in drug ____.

A

dopamine function ; drug addiction

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16
Q

Dopamine’s main mode of action

A

Excitatory neurotransmitter

17
Q

Dopamines Function in the brain

A

Participates in motivation, reward, planning behavior

18
Q

Dopamine effects of imbalance

A

Deficiency may lead to Parkinson’s disease, and reduced feelings of pleasure, and excess may lead to schizophrenia

19
Q

Physical illness and discomfort from the removal of a drug

A

withdrawal symptoms

20
Q

addictive drugs stimulate the brain’s reward circuitry

A

effects on the brain

21
Q

Progressive decrease in responsiveness to a drug

A

Drug tolerance

22
Q

Feeling that drug is necessary to maintain well-being

A

Psychological dependence

23
Q

To maintain bodily comfort, a physical dependence exists

A

Dependency

24
Q

Self-defeating attempt to cope with life

A

coping-effect

25
Q

-Type of Synthetic STIMULANT
- Medical Use: Treating ______ and overdoses of depressant drugs
- Misuse: Staying awake, attempt to improve ___ or _____ performance
- ADHD

A

Amphetamines
Hyperactivity
mental or physical

26
Q

Third most widely used psychoactive drug (after caffeine and alcohol)
- Withdrawal causes headaches, sweating, cramps, insomnia, digestive upset, irritability, cravings
- Carcinogen: Cancer-causing substance
- Best way to quit: Schedule a gradual reduction, which reduces the length of time between cigarettes

A

STIMULANT: NICOTINE

27
Q

MOST frequently used psychoactive drug in North America
- Blocks chemicals that inhibit nerve activity
- Dependence, insomnia, irritability, racing heart, elevated body temperature
- Breast cysts, bladder cancer, heart problems, high blood pressure

A

STIMULANT: CAFFEINE

28
Q

-SLEEP and PAIN Relief
- Heroin, Morphine, Codein, Oxycodone, Fentanyl
- Feeling euphoria, reduction of anxiety
- High levels result in impaired breathing, death
- Harm-reduction strategy: Methadone to reduce negative consequences of addiction

A

DEPRESSANTS: OPIODS

29
Q

As a ___, reduces inhibition, producing relaxation and euphoria
- large amounts: Brain impairment, loss of consciousness
Binge drinking: Five (four for women) or more drinks in a short time
Because brain is still developing into the early twenties, binge drinking may reduce 10 percent of brain power

A

DEPRESSANT: ALCOHOL

30
Q

THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (Cannabidiol) are two psychoactive chemicals in ___.
- Sense of euphoria, well being, relaxation, altered sense of time, and perceptual distortions
- In high doses: Paranoia, hallucinations, and delusions
- Works by activating neurons with endocannabinoid receptors in the brain
- No overdose deaths reported, but still creates harm

A

HALLUCINOGEN: CANNABIS

31
Q
  • Non users are reported to be healthier, earn more, and more satisfied with their lives than users
  • long term effects: interfere with menstrual cycles, ovulation, higher rate of miscarriages, harm to developing fetuses
  • Medical cannabis: Can impact stress and pain, but like any other drug , can lead to abuse
A

HALLUCINOGEN: Cannabis