14. Retroviridae

Question 2

MEMBERS OF THE FAMILY RETROVIRIDAE (2 subfamilies)

Answer 2

Two subfamilies:

• Orthoretrovirinae
• Spumaretrovirinae

Question 3

MEMBERS OF THE SUBFAMILY ORTHORETROVIRINAE and SUBFAMILY SPUMARETROVIRINAE (FAM. RETROVIRIDAE) (6+1 genera)

Answer 3

Subfamily Orthoretrovirinae: Alpharetrovirus, Betaretrovirus, Gammaretrovirus, Deltaretrovirus, Epsilonretrovirus, and Lentivirus.

Subfamily Spumaretrovirinae includes only a single genus, Spumavirus

Question 6

MEMBERS OF THE GENUS ALPHARETROVIRUS (AVIAN LEUKOSIS, SARCOMA, AND RELATED) (FAM. RETROVIRIDAE, Subfam. Orthoretrovirinae)

Answer 6

AVIAN LEUKOSIS COMPLEX VIRUSES

Question 7

MEMBERS OF THE GENUS BETARETROVIRUS (Sheep and goats) (FAM. RETROVIRIDAE, Subfam. Orthoretrovirinae)

Answer 7

Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus, also called ovine pulmonary carcinoma virus;

Enzootic nasal tumor virus (ENTV) infects both sheep (ENTV-1) and goats (ENTV-2) ~95% overall amino acid similarity to Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus.;

Endogenous retroviruses of small ruminants: endogenous Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (enJSRV).

Question 8

Which 2 avian viruses can cause lymphoma in addition to Avian Leukosis complex?

Answer 8

Marek’s disease virus and

Avian reticuloendotheliosis virus

Question 9

Which genera of the family RETROVIRIDAE are NOT oncogenic?

Answer 9

Lentivirus and Spumavirus

Question 10

MEMBERS OF THE GENUS DELTARETROVIRUS? (FAM. RETROVIRIDAE, Subfam. Orthoretrovirinae) (3 species)

Answer 10

Bovine leukemia virus and closely related primate deltaretroviruses: human (HTLV-1 and -2) and simian T lymphotropic viruses (STVL-1, -2 and -3)

Question 12

MEMBERS OF THE GENUS EPSILONRETROVIRUS? (FAM. RETROVIRIDAE, Subfam. Orthoretrovirinae) (2 species)

Answer 12

GENUS WALLEYE DERMAL SARCOMA AND EPIDERMAL HYPERPLASIA VIRUSES;

GENUS ATLANTIC SALMON SWIM BLADDER LEIOMYOSARCOMA VIRUS

Question 13

MEMBERS OF THE GENUS GAMMARETROVIRUS? (FAM. RETROVIRIDAE, Subfam. Orthoretrovirinae) (3 species)

Answer 13

• Feline leukopenia virus (FeLV);
• Murine leukemia virus (multiple strains of a single virus species);
• Avian Reticuloendotheliosis virus group

Question 15

Which MEMBERS OF THE GENUS SIMIAN BETARETROVIRUS (endogenous and exogenous betaretroviruses) are associated with clinical disease?

Answer 15

Only the exogenous simian betaretrovirus is associated with clinical disease

Question 16

Is there evidence that bovine leukemia virus infects humans, or any connection between leukemia and people drinking raw milk from virus-infected cattle?

Answer 16

No

Question 17

Species of the GENUS LENTIVIRUS that affect ovine/caprine? (FAM. RETROVIRIDAE, Subfam. Orthoretrovirinae) (2)

Answer 17

Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus;

Visna/Maedi (ovine progressive pneumonia)

Question 19

Most common method of transmission of bovine leukemia virus?

Answer 19

From dam to offspring through the ingestion of infected milk.

Others: horizontally through blood and milktrauma; the reuse of rectal examination gloves contaminated needles/surgical instruments fomites such as restraint devices and biting insects that most commonly serve as mechanical vectors of the virus.

Question 22

Species of the GENUS LENTIVIRUS that affect bovine? (FAM. RETROVIRIDAE, Subfam. Orthoretrovirinae) (1)

Answer 22

Bovine immunodeficiency virus

Question 23

Species of the GENUS LENTIVIRUS that affect equines? (FAM. RETROVIRIDAE, Subfam. Orthoretrovirinae) (1)

Answer 23

Equine Infectious Anemia Virus

Question 24

Species of the GENUS LENTIVIRUS that affect felines? (FAM. RETROVIRIDAE, Subfam. Orthoretrovirinae) (1)

Answer 24

Feline Immunodeficiency Virus and Puma lentivirus

Question 26

Species of the GENUS LENTIVIRUS that affect primates? (FAM. RETROVIRIDAE, Subfam. Orthoretrovirinae) (2)

Answer 26

Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV);

Human Immunodeficiency Viruses (HIV-1 and HIV-2).

Question 27

Which species of the GENUS LENTIVIRUS lacks the accessory gene vif? (1)

Answer 27

Equine Infectious Anemia Virus

Question 28

MEMBERS OF THE SUBFAMILY SPUMARETROVIRINAE (FAM. RETROVIRIDAE) (1 genus)

Answer 28

Genus Spumavirus

Question 29

Why are Spumaviruses called ‘foamy viruses’?

Answer 29

Because of the distinctive cytoplasmic vacuolation that occurs in infected cell cultures.