14-28 Flashcards
Why are fats important
- energy yield 2.2x greater than carbs + proteins
- absorbs fat soluble vitamins (A+D)
- needed for structures like cell membranes
Where is water lost
Urine
Expired air
Faeces
Why measure BMI
To measure for obesity ( high) or cardiovascular disease.
Issues with increased body fat
Hyper tension, heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes , cancer
Starvation as weight loss
Initially larger as more water is lost
Reduction in liver glycogen store to provide glucose to brain, glycogen stores more water
Liver converts fatty acids to ketone bodies used as a fuel by CNS but causes increase of blood pH and dehydration
Marasmus
To do with protein Child looks emaciated (abnormally thin) Muscle wasting Thin and dry hair Diarrhoea and anaemia
Kwashiorkor
Low protein
Apathetic/lethargic- no energy
Enlarged liver
Cell nutrients on blood come from which sources?
Diet
Synthesis in body tissues from precursors ( nom essential fatty acids/ amino acids)
Released from storage bin body tissues
Fates of cell nutrients
Degradation to release energy Synthesis of cell components Storage Inter conversion to other nutrients - liver Excretion
Cell metabolism
Highly integrated network of chemical reactions that occur within cells
(Break down of large molecules into small molecules - catabolism )
- energy for cell function
- production of ATP
- Building block molecules
- organic precursor molecules
- bio synthetic reducing power
Catabolic
Oxidative
Release large amounts of free energy
Anabolic
Reductive
Use intermediary metabolites produced by catabolism to drive synthesis of cell components
Biological oxidation
Loss of electrons and H
Bio energetics
Reactions to release energy = EXERgonic
Spontaneous reactions to provide energy = ENDERgonic
ATP
Acts as a carrier of energy not store as there is a limited amount of atp in cell and only sufficient for a few seconds and must be rapidly synthesised
