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criminology unit 1 > 1.3 consequences of unreported crime > Flashcards

1.3 consequences of unreported crime Flashcards

1
Q

ripple effect definition

A

The spreading of an event to cause more events

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2
Q

positive outcome of ripple effect

A

Changes in awareness and law eg. Clare’s law

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3
Q

negative outcomes of ripple effect

A

Continues to affect the victim as well as other people
Can cause anxiety in communities

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4
Q

impact of ripple effect on individuals/wider society

A

Psychological impact
Behavioural impact

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5
Q

ripple effect case study

A

Clare wood

Negative- she was killed due to police ignorance
Positive- her father campaigned for a law to have the awareness of domestic abuse increase

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6
Q

cultural consequence definition

A

Sometimes people turn a blind eye to practices carried out in some cultures despite them being illegal, resulting in criminals continuing unpunished

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7
Q

positive outcome of cultural consequences

A

Allows the non-harmful traditions to be followed and raises awareness eg. Shafelia Ahmed

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8
Q

negative outcomes of cultural consequences

A

Creates diversions in communities and wider society
Becomes acceptable to continue such practices
Belief that culture supersedes law

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9
Q

impact of cultural consequences on individuals/wider society

A

Crimes like FGM are still practised due to differences in culture

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10
Q

case study of cultural consequences

A

Banaz Mahmod
Murdered by her family- honour killing is seen as acceptable

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11
Q

decriminalisation definition

A

The law stays the same, although it isn’t considered criminal by society due to societal shifts

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12
Q

positive outcome of decriminalisation

A

Decriminalises minor offenses- saves time and money

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13
Q

negative outcome of decriminalisation

A

Sets a negative precedent that some crime is okay
It doesn’t eliminate the underground market, so violence and quality control issues remain a problem

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14
Q

impact of decriminalisation on individuals/wider society

A

leads to improved social outcomes, as the criminal justice system costs come down

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15
Q

decriminalisation example

A

Cannabis
Decriminalising use of cannabis decreases the amount of pressure on police

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16
Q

legal change definition

A

As society changes, certain crimes are no longer seen as deviant and therefore are not reported- leads to changes in the law

17
Q

positive outcome of legal change

A

Leads to necessary changes in law and upholds human rights

18
Q

negative outcome of legal change

A

Legal change is a time-consuming process
Can cause divisions in society on controversial law changes

19
Q

impact of legal change on individuals/wider society

A

Law can change to benefit individuals

20
Q

legal change example

A

Abortion
Used to be illegal but is now legal due to consideration of women’s rights
Women used to have abortions illegally due to the laws against abortions

21
Q

police prioritisation definition

A

Police put certain crimes before others, depending on its danger and impact on society

22
Q

positive outcome of police prioritisation

A

Focus on serious crimes as a priority
Stronger relationship between public and police

23
Q

negative outcomes of police prioritisation

A

Time and cost to prosecute lesser priority crimes isn’t justified
Crimes that are less of priority are reported less- less reporting, more crime occurring

24
Q

impact of police prioritisation on individuals/wider society

A

Some crimes go unacknowledged, so people think their crime is inferior

25
Q

police prioritisation case study

A

sarah payne
a high priority case

26
Q

unrecorded crime definition

A

Some crimes are reported to the police, but they are not recorded.

27
Q

positive outcome of unrecorded crime

A

Some crime statistics appear reduced/improved

28
Q

negative outcomes of unrecorded crime

A

Official statistics inaccurate- distorted view of crime
Less trust in police

29
Q

impact of unrecorded crime on individuals/wider society

A

Negative impact on victims and future reporting

30
Q

example of unrecorded crime

A

sexual assault

31
Q

cultural change definition

A

In some areas crime becomes the norm and there is a cultural shift to tolerate crime, meaning it continues and increases

32
Q

positive outcome of cultural change

A

Development of policing strategies when crime and disorder hit its peak

33
Q

negative outcomes of cultural change

A

Crime not reported due to changes in norms
Technology encourages hidden crimes which become normalised by users

34
Q

impact of cultural change on individuals/wider society

A

Some still see the crime as a threat or a problem in that area/culture and won’t agree with

35
Q

cultural change area case study + explain broken windows theory

A

Broken window theory
When an area allows physical manifestations of disorder eg. broken windows and graffiti, it will then begin to experience social disorder, higher crime rates, and decreased safety

Westminster
Crime Rate Of 440 Crimes Per 1000 People

36
Q

procedural change definition

A

Different procedures to report crime are introduced to encourage people to report incidents

37
Q

positive outcomes of procedural change

A

Increase in opportunities to report crime- physical, online, disabilities
Easier reporting for victims o hidden crimes- safer/ untraceable reporting

38
Q

negative outcome of procedural change

A

Confusion/conflict in who to report to/where to report

39
Q

procedural change case study

A

Childline: since 1986
don’t record calls but write down case notes of calls
If there is a serious concern for someone’s welfare or they are worried a child’s life is in danger, notes are passed on to the police/NHS

criminology unit 1 (3 decks)

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